With advances in medicine, the study and treatment of pain has entered a phase of specialized development. Modern medical research has shown that many chronic pains are diseases in their own right and not just a symptom. Pain often coexists with other diseases or can occur alone, requiring a professional approach to pain and professional management. In the past, the fragmented and passive pain management model by different clinical specialties has been far from being able to meet the clinical needs. In this context, a new discipline, pain specialization, has been born and has achieved rapid development. Pain doctors first follow the “Clinical Pain Diagnosis and Treatment Guidelines” and “Clinical Pain Diagnosis and Treatment Practice Guidelines” compiled by the Pain Society of the Chinese Medical Association to make a good diagnosis before treatment. Pain treatment has a huge social demand, due to the lack of standardized pain department, at present the proliferation of fake drugs of traveling doctors out of control. Only the establishment of a standardized pain department. Pain specialties under the guidance of modern pain theory, pain diseases and clinical medicine encountered in the difficult pain problems, a new model of comprehensive analysis and judgment and treatment. It has perfected the treatment of many painful diseases that are difficult to control. For head and face pain, cervical spondylosis, frozen shoulder, intervertebral disc lesion, lumbar back and lower limb pain and other common chronic pain diseases, the use of nerve block, nerve stimulation, drugs and other integrated therapies can effectively improve the pain of the local blood circulation obstacles, remove inflammatory metabolites, interrupting the vicious cycle of pain. For intractable neuronal pain such as herpes zoster and its postherpetic pain, trigeminal neuralgia, sciatica, phantom limb pain, burning pain, etc., the application of specific nerve blocking technology and nerve frequency (heat) electric modulation stimulation, etc., through blocking the nociceptive conduction pathway, improving the state of nerve nutrition, adjusting the nerve conduction function, and obtaining a satisfactory effect on pain treatment. In the case of cancer pain, by combining the patient’s physical condition and pain site, the latest foreign cancer pain control methods are applied to selectively block or destroy the nerves that conduct pain, so that a single treatment can achieve perfect medium- and long-term analgesic effects. The advantages of this method in treating cancer pain are that it can minimize the common side effects in traditional cancer pain treatment, and play a positive effect on relieving patients’ adverse emotions such as fear, anxiety and depression caused by cancer pain, enhancing appetite, improving sleep, and improving their quality of life. In addition, the application of the unique means of pain treatment, the adjuvant treatment of certain non-painful diseases such as chronic rhinitis, sudden deafness, retinopathy, insomnia, intractable ergotism, dysmenorrhea, chronic fatigue syndrome and so on, can also achieve a more satisfactory effect. Pain specialists will devote all their energy to pain diagnosis and treatment, so that the diagnosis and treatment of painful diseases and research more specialized, conducive to early diagnosis of pain and etiopathological diagnosis, but also conducive to the diversification of diagnostic and therapeutic means. For example, in the face of a patient with trigeminal neuralgia, the pain specialist, in addition to an exhaustive understanding of the patient’s medical history and clinical manifestations, will also carefully examine the superficial sensory and muscular changes in the face in order to exclude secondary trigeminal neuralgia. Trigeminal sensory and motor conduction velocities, electromyography and evoked potentials will also be examined to assess trigeminal electrophysiologic function. Before a diagnosis of primary trigeminal neuralgia can be confirmed, an MRI is needed to check for vascular or tumor compression around the trigeminal nerve root. The diagnostic process described above is important in selecting treatment. Treatments include medications, nerve blocks and neurointerventional disfigurement.