Abdominal incisional hernia is a complication that occurs at the wound site after abdominal surgery, mostly in obese and diabetic patients, with a general incidence of 10%-15%. The main manifestation is a localized mass and abdominal wall defect at the site of the incision after surgery, which gradually increases in size and can be accompanied by pain and even life-threatening intestinal obstruction or intestinal necrosis in case of intussusception. Since most incisional hernias are initially asymptomatic, many patients do not pay enough attention to them and often consider treatment only when they become more serious, thus delaying the best time for treatment. Incisional hernia of the abdominal wall does not heal on its own and there is no medication to treat it; it can only be cured by surgery. The recurrence rate is generally between 30% and 50% due to the less rational and more invasive nature of previous surgical procedures. This is one of the reasons why many patients are reluctant to opt for surgical treatment. Since the concept of tension-free hernia repair has been greatly promoted, tension-free hernia repair surgery using new repair materials has reduced the recurrence rate of incisional hernia repair to about 10%-15%, greatly improving the results of surgical treatment. In recent years, laparoscopic incisional hernia repair can further reduce the postoperative recurrence rate to about 2%. Due to the improvement of the surgical method, not only the clinical effect is greatly improved, but also the patient’s trauma is significantly reduced, and the recovery time after surgery is shortened from 7~8 days to 3~5 days in the past. Laparoscopic laparotomy hernia repair surgery has the advantages of less trauma, fewer complications, faster postoperative recovery, shorter hospital stay, and lower recurrence rate compared with open surgery. However, the learning curve of laparoscopic surgery is relatively long and the level of technical equipment is demanding. Open surgery involves placement of patches through extensive separation of the abdominal wall tissue pathway, which requires further separation in already fragile tissue, resulting in large trauma and bleeding, while the polypropylene patch placed has a significant local inflammatory response and is mostly wound and patch related in up to 20% of surgical complications. The small wound size of the laparoscopic incisional hernia repair and the absence of direct communication between the separated hernia sac and the placed patch greatly reduces the infection rate of the wound and patch, which is only about 2%. The size of the hernia, history of previous surgical repair, length of surgery, presence of complications, and morbid obesity are important factors influencing the recurrence of incisional hernia. Laparoscopic incisional hernia repair has a lower recurrence rate compared to traditional open surgery, and fewer wound complications are one of the main reasons. The patch used for laparoscopic incisional hernia repair has the effect of preventing intestinal and abdominal adhesions, thus further reducing the incidence of surgical complications. In addition, laparoscopic surgery can detect occult pinhole hernias and repair them together; the abdominal wall tissue does not need to be extensively freed to maintain the strength of the abdominal wall; there is no incision in the patch area and the infection rate is low; the patch is placed in the abdominal cavity and the tension is evenly dispersed, which also contributes to the low recurrence rate. In terms of postoperative recovery, laparoscopic laparotomy hernia repair also has significant advantages. After open repair surgery, prophylactic antimicrobial drugs and observation and treatment of the wound are often required, resulting in a long hospital stay and a recovery period of 6 to 8 weeks. Laparoscopic surgery, on the other hand, has a fast recovery, short hospital stay, and a short postoperative recovery period, with a return to normal life and work in only 1 or 2 weeks. The benefits of modern minimally invasive surgery to patients are not only the change of surgical wound size, but the whole pre-operative, intra-operative and post-operative peri-operative its overall trauma reduction and faster physical and mental recovery, representing the development direction of surgery. The concept of surgery should be changed from the previous basis of larger trauma in exchange for recovery to the smallest trauma in exchange for maximum recovery, and from the pure biomedical model to the modern biological, psychological and social medical model, so as to better bring health and joy to the majority of patients.