An incisional hernia is a hernia that occurs at the site of an abdominal surgical incision and is a mass in the abdominal wall formed by the protrusion of intra-abdominal tissues or organs through a potential gap or weak area of the surgical incision onto the body surface. The European Hernia Society defines an abdominal wall defect under the original incision that is visible or palpable on clinical physical examination or imaging, with or without an abdominal wall mass. Incisional hernias are typed as small incisional hernias with a maximum hernia ring diameter of <3 cm, large incisional hernias of 3-5 cm, and giant incisional hernias of >5 cm. The size of the incisional hernia in the abdominal wall is classified as small incisional hernia (<5 cm transverse or longitudinal diameter), medium incisional hernia (5-10 cm transverse or longitudinal diameter) and large incisional hernia (>10 cm transverse or longitudinal diameter). Predisposing factors: old age and frailty, malnutrition, excessive obesity, use of adrenocorticotropic hormones, and concomitant metabolic diseases may lead to wound healing dysfunction, and reduced collagen type I/III ratio and smoking may also affect incision healing. In vitro experiments have shown that fibroblasts from patients with incisional hernia synthesize more type I precollagen and type III precollagen than fibroblasts from normal skin and scar tissue, but the ratio between the two is significantly lower, indicating that patients with incisional hernia have a disorder of collagen metabolism, which directly affects incision healing. Various causes of increased abdominal pressure are included. For example, chronic cough, benign prostatic hyperplasia, chronic constipation, heavy physical labor, ascites, and pregnancy can all contribute to the occurrence and aggravation of incisional hernia under the effect of the above local and systemic factors. Once formed, incisional hernia of the abdominal wall has no possibility of self-healing. Surgery is the only option to cure an incisional hernia. The purpose of surgical treatment of incisional hernia is to close the abdominal wall defect, reconstruct the abdominal wall anatomy and restore the physiological function of the abdominal wall. The timing of surgery, preoperative preparation, surgical approach and postoperative management are all closely related to the prognosis.