Tubal incompetence or dysfunction due to various causes (e.g. one year after laparoscopy or intervention) Pelvic adhesions Ectopic pregnancy Post bilateral tubectomy or ligation Ovulation disorders (e.g. ovulation promotion for more than six months in polycystic ovary syndrome) Severe endometriosis Male partner with oligozoospermia Unexplained infertility Immunological infertility Advanced age (age >40 years), decreased ovarian reserve function Three failed insemination Fertilization Indication: Bilateral incompetence or minimal patency of the fallopian tubes