Traumatic shoulder instability and is a common condition that occurs in the shoulder joint, with anterior shoulder instability accounting for more than 90% of all shoulder instability. When anterior shoulder dislocation occurs, the posterior lateral humeral head impacts with the hard scapular glenoid rim, which can result in a compression fracture of the humeral head and the formation of a posterior lateral humeral head bony defect, called a Hill-Sachs injury. Clinical studies have shown that Hill-Sachs injury occurs in 40%-70% of initial shoulder dislocations and in 80%-93% of recurrent shoulder dislocations. Rowe et al [2] classified Hill-Sachs injuries of the humeral head into three levels according to their length and depth: small defects (< 2.0 cm in length and < 0.3 cm in depth), moderate defects (2.0-4.0 cm in length and 0.3-0.5 cm in depth), and severe defects (>4 cm in length and > 0.5 cm in depth). 0.5 cm). Previously, the lack of recognition of Hill-Sachs injury in shoulder dislocation has led to a high failure rate after arthroscopic Bankart glenoid labral repair. boileau et al. followed 91 patients who underwent arthroscopic Bankart and showed that glenohumeral bone defects had a significant effect on postoperative recurrence. flinkkila et al. showed that compared to scaphoid glenoid defects Voos et al. identified severe Hill-Sachs injury, age less than 25 years, and ligamentous laxity as the three major risk factors for postoperative recurrence after Bankart. Therefore, in cases of recurrent shoulder instability, there is an increasing clinical emphasis on the management of bony defects of the humeral head in conjunction with arthroscopic glenoid labral repair. What is the treatment of Hill-Sachs injury? The arthroscopic filling of the infraspinatus tendon and posterior capsule with the bony defect (i.e., arthroscopic Remplissage), reported by Wolf in recent years, is thought to be effective in converting an intra-articular injury to an extra-articular one, thus preventing the anterior displacement of the defective humeral head from engaging the anterior border of the shoulder glenoid. Professor Shiyi Chen of our department has modified this method [8]: to reduce and avoid excessive tissue filling affecting shoulder mobility, the infraspinatus muscle is preserved during surgery and the posterior joint capsule is filled underneath it at the Hill-Sachs injury of the humeral head; at the same time, the anchor nail anchorage point is placed as close as possible to the superior edge of the defect. Clinical follow-up has shown that this method is effective and has no significant effect on postoperative shoulder mobility. Of course, in patients with severe humeral head defects or osteoarthritis, this method should be chosen with caution, and artificial humeral head replacement is recommended if necessary.