1.What are the A, B, C, D, E prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease?
A is aspirin and ACE inhibitors. Aspirin 50 to 150 mg daily can significantly reduce the occurrence of cardiac events in patients with coronary heart disease and can reduce the mortality rate by 30% when myocardial infarction has already occurred. In the well-known HOPE trial, the ACE inhibitor ramipril reduced the incidence of coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, stroke, and diabetes mellitus.
B is a beta-blocker and controls blood pressure. In patients with existing coronary artery disease beta-blockers are the most effective agents for reducing mortality, improving survival, reducing the incidence of heart failure and sudden cardiac death, and are extremely effective in preventing ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation and arrhythmias. Blood pressure control can reduce cardiovascular morbidity. A 20/10 mmHg reduction in blood pressure can reduce stroke by 50%, halve overall cardiovascular morbidity, and reduce the incidence of heart failure by 30%.
C For lowering serum cholesterol and smoking cessation, more than 5 landmark studies have confirmed that statin lowering of total cholesterol reduces cardiac events by 30% and stroke by 27%, and the Avert trial has confirmed that aggressive lipid lowering in patients with stable coronary artery disease is more effective than cardiac intervention in reducing the incidence of cardiac events. Smoking control reduced cardiac morbidity by 1/2.
D for therapeutic lifestyle modification and control of diabetes mellitus. According to the recommendations of the American Adult Cholesterol Education Program (ATP III), eat about 30 percent of total calories per day, with saturated fats (animal fats) accounting for less than 7 percent of total calories, polyunsaturated fats accounting for 10 percent of total calories, and monounsaturated fats accounting for 20 percent. We should eat more plant fiber, control total calories, reduce weight and exercise more. In addition, to control diabetes, in addition to insulin and hypoglycemic drugs, the rest of the measures are similar.
2, how to effectively prevent hypertension?
To effectively prevent hypertension one must do the following.
① Measure blood pressure regularly in order to detect hypertension in time, especially for people over 3 5 years old, overweight people, brain workers, people with a family history of hypertension, old and inactive people, smokers and alcoholics and habitual heavy salt drinkers.
(2) Limit salt intake, and it is recommended that salt intake should be limited to 6 grams per person per day.
③Control body weight and maintain ideal body weight, ideal weight (kg) = height (cm) – 1 0 5; weight control should start with children.
④Change bad habits, quit smoking and alcohol.
⑤ Live a regular life, combine work and rest, and get enough sleep.
⑥Maintain moderate exercise, the standard of moderate exercise is to control the heart rate at 102~125 /min, or the heart rate after exercise does not increase more than 50% of the pre-exercise
The most important thing to prevent hypertension is to achieve early detection. You should never judge whether you have hypertension by your feelings, because the disease may not have any symptoms in the early stages, but once symptoms appear, it has already developed to the middle and late stages, and then it is quite difficult to treat.
Optimizing lifestyle is an important means of preventing hypertension. Adhering to an optimal lifestyle not only has a preventive effect on healthy people, but also has the effect of improving the effectiveness of drugs, reducing the dose of drugs and preventing complications in patients with hypertension. In addition, non-pharmacological interventions have no side effects and can improve the quality of life of both healthy people and hypertensive patients and increase their resistance to disease. From the theory of Chinese medicine, it has a “cure for the disease to seek the root” role.
3.What are the benefits of moderate physical exercise to prevent coronary heart disease?
Scientific sports can increase the contraction function of the heart and the elasticity of blood vessels, which can change the hemodynamic effect. A person with good physical exercise, the heartbeat is often slow and strong, the myocardial contraction force is enhanced, myocardial oxygen consumption does not increase. After long-term exercise, it can increase the thickness of the myocardium, expand the volume of the diastolic phase of the ventricle, and increase the perfusion of blood in the coronary arteries of the heart, which can effectively prevent myocardial infarction and hypertension. Physical exercise can also reduce low-density lipoprotein, increase high-density lipoprotein and reduce triglyceride levels, so that excess sugar is stored in the liver cells, thus reducing blood glucose concentration and insulin consumption, which is conducive to the prevention of diabetes. Physical exercise can also reduce the viscosity of blood, prevent cerebral thrombosis, improve and enhance the physical condition of patients, enhance and optimize the ability of patients to live and quality of life, to achieve the purpose of prevention and cure.
4.How to prevent and treat hyperlipidemia?
The prevention and treatment of hyperlipidemia is based on diet control and exercise therapy, and drug therapy is the main means. The principles of dietary regulation are: control the total amount of calories, reduce the intake of fat, especially cholesterol and saturated fatty acids, increase the proportion of protein and carbohydrates, reduce alcohol consumption or abstain from strong alcohol. At the same time, exercise, such as walking, jogging, gymnastics, cycling and other activities for 20 to 30 minutes a day. After 3-6 months of diet-exercise therapy, if the reduction of blood lipid is not satisfactory, then appropriate drug therapy must be chosen.
5.How to treat hyperlipidemia with diet?
Diet therapy for hyperlipidemia is to reduce the intake of fat, especially cholesterol and saturated fatty acids, and control the total calorie intake, with a nutritionally sound and balanced diet, in order to reduce blood lipids on the basis of ensuring the body’s needs and maintaining normal nutrition. In principle, it can include:
① The diet should be mainly vegetarian and light. Animal protein (lean meat) can be eaten appropriately, but animal fats, offal, etc. should not be eaten from pigs and cows. Cooking should be done with vegetable oils, such as soybean oil, vegetable oil, corn oil, etc.
②Limit the daily dosage of sugar and salt, and abstain from smoking and alcohol abuse.
③Plant protein is the preferred excellent food, such as soy protein and soy peptides, which can supplement the protein needed by the body and also have significant lipid-lowering effects. Animal protein from fish is also an elected food for hyperlipidemia patients.
④ Eat more vegetables and fruits, dietary fiber, natural food and medicine plants such as perilla, gynostemma, ginkgo biloba, hawthorn, ganoderma, ginseng, spirulina, horsetail, alfalfa, garlic, etc. They all have good lipid-lowering effects.
6.Which health food can regulate blood lipid?
For those who have high blood lipids but do not reach the standard of drug treatment, health food with lipid-lowering effect can be used. For patients who take lipid-lowering drugs for a long time, in order to prevent the side effects of drugs, they can also use lipid-lowering health food to reduce the dosage of drugs appropriately.
At present, it is known that some bioactive peptides (such as soybean peptides) and unsaturated fatty acids (such as linolenic acid) have good lipid-lowering effects. Soybean peptide is the enzymatic product of soybean protein, which is easy to digest and absorb, and the rate of movement from stomach to intestine and the rate of absorption in small intestine are higher than that of amino acid. A large number of population and animal experimental studies at home and abroad show that soybean peptides have a variety of regulatory functions for the body, and have a wide range of application prospects in promoting fat metabolism, lowering cholesterol, enhancing muscle motility and promoting the growth and development of infants and children. Some foreign scholars have reported that soy protein has the effect of lowering plasma LDL and raising HDL, and can lower blood lipids in people with hypercholesterolemia and type II hyperlipoproteinemia. Give children suffering from obesity low energy diet, and soybean peptide as a supplementary food, can accelerate the reduction of children’s subcutaneous fat, the domestic use of defatted soybean meal as raw material, by alkaline protease treatment to obtain a soybean short peptide mixture, can anti-fatigue, reduce blood lipids, control body weight, lipid oxidation caused by the destruction of liposomal membranes have inhibitory effect. Therefore, soybean products, especially soybean peptide products that are easy to digest and absorb and may have certain biological activity, have been recognized as a good lipid-lowering food.
Some Chinese herbal extracts also have lipid-lowering effects, such as the traditional dual-use plant perilla. Perilla seeds have the effect of lowering gas and eliminating phlegm and laxative. Perilla oil extracted from perilla seeds contains α-linolenic acid up to 60% or more, has the function of lowering blood lipids. α-linolenic acid in the human body after absorption by desaturation, gradually metabolized into E P A (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DH A (docosahexaenoic acid). E P A and DH A have the role of vascular scavengers. They can reduce total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol, increase HDL-cholesterol, and reduce platelet coagulation and adhesion.1 In 1990, the U.S. Cancer Prevention Food Organization published the Formula Food Program, which also listed perilla oil as one of the five types of anti-cancer foods. Canada and other countries require that a certain amount of alpha-linolenic acid must be added to children’s food to promote the growth and development of children. Other herbal products such as gibberellic acid tea, ginkgo biloba products can also be used.
7.How to make nutritional meal for hyperlipidemia patients?
A proper diet is an effective way to treat hyperlipidemia. Different types of hyperlipidemia patients, the nutritional meal plan taken is different. Only when the correct dietary control measures are taken can good results be achieved, otherwise not only is it ineffective, but it may also bring adverse effects to the patient’s body.
1) Simple hypercholesterolemia
In this type of patients, only increased serum cholesterol and normal serum triglycerides are found in the laboratory test results.
(1) Restrict the intake of dietary cholesterol. For mildly elevated cholesterol (220 – 260mg/ dL), daily cholesterol intake should be less than 300mg; for moderately (261 – 300mg) or severely elevated cholesterol (>300mg/ dL), daily cholesterol intake should be less than 200mg. Avoid eating foods with high cholesterol content such as poultry and animal offal.
(2) Limit animal fat, increase vegetable oil appropriately, eat less or no fatty meat, and use vegetable oil instead of animal oil when cooking.
(3) If there is no combined obesity or overweight, the intake of total caloric energy and carbohydrates may not need to be restricted, and the intake of protein does not need to be restricted.
(4) Eat more foods with high fiber and vitamin C, such as coarse grains, vegetables and fruits, to increase the excretion of cholesterol in the stool.
(5) Intake more foods with cholesterol-lowering effect such as onion, garlic, mushroom, fungus, soybean and its products, etc.
(2) Simple hypertriglyceridemia
In this type of patients, only elevated serum triglycerides and normal serum cholesterol are found in the laboratory results, and the dietary control measures are as follows.
(1) Restrict caloric intake, which is the key to treatment. Since these patients are often obese or overweight, restricting caloric intake can often reduce serum triglyceride levels with weight loss.
(2) Control the intake of carbohydrates, the proportion of total calories should not be too high (should be less than 60%, preferably around 50%), avoid simple carbohydrates, such as sucrose, fructose, sugar, etc.
(3) Moderate cholesterol restriction. As the cholesterol level in the blood of such patients is not high, it is not necessary to restrict the food cholesterol too strictly to prevent nutritional deficiency, and the general cholesterol intake should not exceed 300mg.
(4) The intake of fat should be less than 20% of the total caloric energy, and the intake of animal fat should be limited, and vegetable oil should be used instead of animal oil.
(5) Increase protein intake appropriately, especially soy protein; in addition, eat lean meat, poultry and fish.
(6) Eat more vegetables and fruits to increase the content of dietary fiber, which will help to reduce the caloric intake, satisfy the patient’s feeling of satiety, improve the blood glucose tolerance of some patients, prevent the increase of fasting free fatty acids due to the restriction of total caloric intake, and also provide more vitamins and inorganic salts.
3) Mixed hyperlipidemia
The laboratory results of patients with this type are seen to have increased serum cholesterol and triglycerides; therefore, dietary prevention and control measures should combine the two types mentioned above, as follows.
(1) Restrict the total caloric intake so that the patient’s weight is reduced and maintained in the standard weight range.
(2) Restrict the intake of dietary cholesterol to less than 300mg daily, avoiding foods with high cholesterol content, but moderate intake of lean meat, poultry and fish, etc.
(3) Limit the intake of dietary fat (less than 20% of total caloric energy) and replace animal oil with vegetable oil.
(4) Control the intake of carbohydrates (less than 60% of total caloric energy) and avoid sugar and sweet food.
(5) Properly increase protein (should account for 20-25% of total caloric energy), especially soy protein.
(6) eat more vegetables, fruits and certain foods with lipid-lowering effect.
8, which food therapy can be used for the prevention and treatment of early hyperlipidemia?
High cholesterol, high triglycerides, or low HDL in the blood are all abnormal lipid metabolism, called hyperlipidemia. The main harm of hyperlipidemia is to promote atherosclerosis, which can lead to serious diseases such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Food therapy is safe and convenient for people with early hyperlipidemia, and it is highly effective. Today, we introduce several dietary therapy recipes that patients may wish to try.
① Oatmeal 100 grams and a glass of milk boiled for 3 to 5 minutes, once a day. The soluble fiber of oatmeal inhibits the absorption and metabolism of cholesterol; milk contains 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid and more calcium; the former can inhibit the synthesis of cholesterol; the latter can reduce the absorption of cholesterol.
②Soybean flour 50 g is made into a paste with water, add 1000 ml of water, cook it over a moderate fire and eat it for breakfast once a day. The soy protein, gluten and soy phospholipids in soybean powder have cholesterol-lowering effects.
Add 100 grams of japonica rice, add 1000 ml of water, cook until the rice blooms and then add 50 grams of corn flour (mix well with water in advance), boil for a few moments and eat once a day. Japonica rice and corn flour contain a large amount of unsaturated fatty acids, which have the effect of lowering serum cholesterol and preventing atherosclerosis.
Dried shiitake mushroom 10 g, soaked in water and stir-fried with a small amount of lean meat, add some garlic and consume once a day. The nucleic acids in shiitake mushrooms have a solubilizing effect on cholesterol; garlic can raise HDL and prevent atherosclerosis.
⑤ Hawthorn 15 grams, lotus leaf 12 grams of water decoction, juice brewing appropriate amount of green tea to drink frequently, can clear heat and reduce fat, dilation of blood vessels.
(6) Onion 100 grams and appropriate amount of lean meat stir-fry, often eat can prevent high cholesterol, in addition, onions can break down fat, stomach cancer prevention, anti-asthma, cure diabetes.
In addition, to prevent hyperlipidemia, middle-aged and elderly people should not eat more than 300 mg of cholesterol a day and eat less animal fat and foods with high cholesterol, such as animal offal, crabs, fish roe and egg yolk. People with high triglycerides should eat less carbohydrates, less sugar, stop smoking and limit alcohol, increase exercise, and eat a light diet.
9.How to control weight scientifically?
Weight control must take a scientific attitude and approach, blindly excessive control of diet, not only can not play a preventive and curative effect, but will cause excessive mental burden, malnutrition, resistance to decline and other diseases.
Controlled diet does not mean that the less you eat the better, but that you avoid taking in too many calories while meeting the needs of the body. The normal daily requirement of calories per person is 30 calories/kg body weight for light manual workers; 35-40 calories/kg body weight for medium manual workers or mental workers; 45-70 calories/kg body weight for heavy manual workers.
When calculating energy consumption, the annual collar correction should also be taken into account: from the age of 35, the diet should be reduced by 100 calories per day for each additional 10 years. According to the World Health Organization, at 20-30, the highest caloric needs of people, if this value is 100%, then, at the age of 51-60 should be reduced to 80%; at the age of 61-70 should be reduced to 70%; after the age of 70 should be reduced to 60%. When there is already obesity, the calorie of the diet should be 30-50% smaller than the normal amount.
In addition to the total calorie intake should be controlled, the composition structure of the diet may be reasonably adjusted so that the proportion of protein, fat and carbohydrate is balanced. The other 50-60% of calories should be provided by carbohydrates, but care should be taken to limit saccharin intake. Humans can not only get rich carbohydrates from plant foods, but also get a lot of B vitamins, minerals and trace elements. It is very beneficial to consume adequate amounts of fresh fruits and vegetables, which contain a large amount of vitamins, minerals, electrolytes and very low calories. When there is hunger in a controlled diet, such foods can be used to fill the hunger. In addition to the amount and composition structure of the diet, the arrangement of meals is also an important factor affecting the weight loss effect.
Exercise is a healthful way to lose weight, but it can only work if you are consistent. Although exercise can be both weight loss and fitness, but inappropriate exercise is dangerous to health, so exercise should also be carried out under the guidance of sports medicine experts in order to receive the desired results.
Traditional Chinese medicine is a valuable heritage of the long-standing Chinese culture. Through the dialectical treatment of Chinese medicine, herbs, massage and acupuncture are used to adjust and improve diet, sleep and organ functions to achieve weight loss.
Surgical weight loss has been considered as one of the effective and immediate weight loss methods. With the rapid development of medical technology, there are many surgical weight loss methods. For example, subcutaneous lipectomy, negative pressure liposuction, ultrasonic liposuction, electronic liposuction and so on. However, surgical weight loss methods are mainly for certain parts of the local obesity, it is difficult to work for general obesity, and may produce adverse consequences.
10.Can you lose weight by not eating breakfast?
The pace of modern society has accelerated, and many people are busy working during the day and working overtime at night, even overnight. The result is that after getting up in the morning, not in a hurry to eat breakfast, rush to work.
This lifestyle of not eating breakfast is not worth advocating, and is not good for the body. If you count from 18:00 dinner the day before, to 12:00 lunch the next day, there are nearly 18 hours without food in the stomach. The whole morning work is the most tired of the day’s work, all the energy it needs to rely on the previous day’s food supply, which is far from meeting the body’s nutritional needs. Because the body’s storage of sugar is limited, coupled with a long period of time without replenishment, it is easy to cause hypoglycemia and dizziness, weakness, hunger, and overeating at lunch, and dinner is a family reunion, friends gathering, the sea and the sky to eat and drink. So the intake of calories will be too much, plus the lack of exercise, too much heat can only be stored in the body in the form of fat caused by obesity.
Modern medical research shows that people who do not eat breakfast have 33% higher cholesterol and neutral fat in their blood than those who have a normal breakfast, and even higher than those who have a high-fat breakfast, and these people are more likely to suffer from gallstones and cholecystitis. The calories consumed at breakfast are not easily converted into fat to accumulate, while the calories eaten at dinner are easily converted into fat to accumulate in the body.
A proper diet is the key to weight loss and health. The old saying “to live ninety-nine, each meal to stay a bite”, “breakfast to be good, lunch to be full, dinner to be less”, these pithy arguments are still quite valid. For this reason, some weight loss experts advocate that in the process of weight loss must ensure nutrition, the main point is to pay attention to the quality of breakfast, while lunch can be properly reduced (80% of the usual), dinner should be absolutely less, or even can not eat. This is not only a strict requirement for dieters, but also a correct, healthy and scientific approach to eating for normal people. Of course, food diversity, coarse and fine, less staple food, more side dishes, limit salt, less sugar is also the standard of a healthy diet, for your health and longevity, in order to no longer obese, please eat breakfast normally.
But breakfast is eaten every day, does not mean that everything is fine. Because if the choice of breakfast food is not appropriate, long-term will also threaten the health status. Eating unhealthy breakfasts, such as fried eggs, fritters, hamburgers, desserts, and sweet drinks, can lead to obesity or long-term diseases such as diabetes and high blood cholesterol. A reasonable, balanced, nutritious and beneficial to the absorption and utilization of the body breakfast, should contain the right proportion of carbohydrates, protein, fat, as well as the right amount of vitamins and minerals. It has been found that the blood glucose of pure carbohydrate breakfast peaks one hour after meal and then decreases rapidly, while the breakfast with reasonable ratio of carbohydrate, protein and fat can maintain the blood glucose at a higher level (higher than the blood glucose level of pure carbohydrate or high protein and high fat breakfast, 1 hour to 3.5 hours after meal).
Nutrition comes from four food groups: cereals (such as rice, corn, wheat, etc.), dairy, meat, and fruits and vegetables. If the breakfast includes 4 types of food, it is a high-quality breakfast; with 3 types, it is not bad; below 2 types, the quality is not good enough.