Many parents have experienced their child’s chronic cough that has not been treated by many doctors, and it is especially difficult to see how their child’s cough cannot be controlled with many “anti-inflammatory” and even many high grade medications. This chronic cough is called chronic cough. It is now considered to be a chronic cough that lasts for more than 4 weeks. In terms of the cause of chronic cough, there is an atopic cough and a non-atopic cough. The former is easy to diagnose and cure because the cause can mostly be found, while the latter has cough as its only symptom, so its clinical features lack specificity and the misdiagnosis rate is very high, making it difficult for patients to be cured for a long time, and even resulting in the use of many wrongful medicines and injections. The most common causes of chronic non-specific cough are as follows: 1. Cough variant asthma is the most common, with cough as the only symptom, so the clinical features lack specificity and the misdiagnosis rate is very high. Therefore, the possibility of the disease should be thought of for chronic recurrent cough attacks. The key to diagnosis is to check allergens and lung function. In pediatrics, a history of allergy and asthma in blood relatives within five generations in the family is an important hint for diagnosis. 2, upper airway cough syndrome is also very common, it is caused by various nasal, pharyngeal and laryngeal diseases cough, in the clinical past collectively referred to as postnasal drip syndrome, it is characterized by episodic or persistent cough, mainly during the day, less coughing after sleep, postnasal drip and/or a sense of mucus adhesion to the posterior pharyngeal wall, a history of rhinitis, sinusitis, nasal polyps or chronic pharyngitis, etc., examination reveals mucus adhesion to the posterior pharyngeal wall, a pebble-like view. Cough caused by the common cold may also be caused by irritation of postnasal drip. The common cold can be considered as a postnasal drip syndrome. Since the common cold is the most common disease in humans, postnasal drip syndrome is one of the most common causes of cough. In recent years, with climate change and increased atmospheric pollution, the incidence of this disease is increasing. Diagnosis is mainly combined with clinical symptoms and signs, and nasal secretion cytometry and sinus CT can be checked if necessary. 3. Allergic bronchitis, chronic cough caused by allergic bronchitis is characterized by clinical manifestations of mostly chronic irritating dry cough or coughing up little mucus sputum, which can be coughed during the day or at night. Some patients are sensitive to fumes, dust, odors or cold air, which are often triggering factors for coughing. Eosinophilia in the induced sputum, normal pulmonary ventilation, no airway hyperresponsiveness, and good results of glucocorticoid therapy. Most patients have a disease duration of more than 3 months or even up to several years prior to consultation. Some patients are associated with inhalation of allergens, such as dust mites, pollen, and mushroom spores, and also with occupational exposure to chemicals or chemical products, such as rubber gloves and acrylic salts. The key to diagnose the disease is to check the induced sputum cytology examination. 4. Gastroesophageal reflux cough, cough is one of the most common extraesophageal symptoms of GERD, followed by pharyngeal bulb sensation and/or foreign body sensation in the pharynx, burning pain in the throat, and hoarseness. The cough is mostly irritating and dry, but can also be characterized as a cough with sputum. The vast majority of coughs are daytime coughs, with individual manifestations of nocturnal coughs, often accompanied by heartburn, acid reflux, and digestive symptoms such as chest pain and nausea. However, there are also many patients who have no reflux symptoms at all, and cough is their only clinical manifestation. 24H esophageal PH monitoring is diagnostic. The mechanism is unclear and may be related to the stimulation of cough receptors in the pharynx, larynx and trachea by reflux. The cough can be rapidly reduced by the use of acid-suppressants or gastrointestinal stimulants (e.g. morpholine) or H2 receptor blockers or proton pump inhibitors, but significant improvement takes up to 5 months. 24H esophageal PH monitoring is the key to diagnosis. 5. Others: such as drug-related coughs, such as those caused by ingestion of ACEI-type hypotensive drugs; older children may have psychogenic coughs, etc. Regarding treatment, first of all, parents should have a correct understanding that chronic coughs are not easy to treat or difficult to see results in the short term and require a persistent mindset. This is not scientific, especially in the case of upper airway cough syndrome, which is the second most common cause; children often need a long time to gradually improve after taking the right approach, so a long hospital stay is not necessary. Most coughs can be controlled. Here is a reminder to parents: if you encounter a child with a chronic cough, you should seek the attention of a pediatric respiratory specialist to avoid detours.