There are several reasons for low neutrophils and high lymphocytes in the presence of normal white blood cells, with the more common condition being a viral infection. However, a blood test alone is not diagnostic and needs to be combined with one’s symptoms and other tests to clarify the cause. Neutrophils and lymphocytes are both types of white blood cells. The main role of neutrophils is to kill pathogens through phagocytosis, while lymphocytes are responsible for the direct destruction or secretion of antibodies to kill foreign substances such as viruses. Therefore, when a virus infection occurs, there may be an increase in neutrophil consumption in the blood or at the site of inflammation; lymphocytes increase under the action of the immune system, resulting in a normal white blood cell, low neutrophil and high lymphocyte situation in the test report. If the result of normal white blood cells, low neutrophils and high lymphocytes is only found in the physical examination and the patient does not have symptoms, no treatment is needed and regular review is sufficient. Usually, the patient should drink more warm water, exercise moderately, strengthen the body’s resistance, avoid staying up late and eating spicy and stimulating food to help the body clear the virus, and the indexes may return to normal. If the body has symptoms such as fever, weakness, cough, etc., you need to follow the doctor’s instructions to improve other tests to clarify the diagnosis, and according to the different types of viruses and their different locations of infection, use the corresponding antiviral drugs for treatment. In addition, bacterial infections or diseases such as myelodysplastic syndrome and acute granulocytic leukemia may also present abnormalities in the above blood tests, which need to be promptly investigated and treated promptly after diagnosis.