Common reference items for normal adult blood tests include white blood cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes, red blood cells, hemoglobin, and platelets, with neutrophils and lymphocytes being the classification of white blood cells and used for initial determination of pathogenic infections.
Low lymphocytes include both absolute and relative decreases.
A high proportion of neutrophils and a low proportion of lymphocytes can be a physiological condition or a pathological condition. Any of the various causes that cause a significant increase in neutrophils can lead to a relative decrease in lymphocytes, a decrease in the lymphocyte ratio, but not a decrease in the absolute number. Physiologic conditions commonly include late pregnancy, childbirth, after strenuous exercise or labor, after a full meal or shower, and after heat or cold, all of which can result in a high neutrophil ratio and a low lymphocyte ratio. Common causes in pathological cases are various infections, especially septic infections such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus haemolyticus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae infections, where laboratory tests will suggest that the neutrophil ratio will be high and the lymphocyte ratio low. High neutrophil ratios and low lymphocyte ratios can also occur in cases of severe tissue injury and massive blood cell destruction, such as severe trauma, after major surgery, massive burns, acute myocardial infarction, and severe intravascular hemolysis.
Absolute reduction in lymphocytes is commonly seen for the following reasons: lymphocytopenia during recovery from influenza; HIV infection, which selectively destroys CD4+ cells leading to a marked reduction in CD4+ cells and an inverted CD4+/CD8+ ratio; tuberculosis, where early lymphocytopenia CD4+ cells are markedly reduced and lymphocytes can return to normal if treatment is effective; alkylating agents (cyclophosphamide, etc.) can cause a significant decrease in leukocytes, accompanied by a significant decrease in lymphocytes, and the decrease in lymphocytes can persist for several years after stopping treatment; radiation therapy can destroy lymphocytes, with each low-dose radiation therapy producing more destruction than 2 high-dose radiation therapies per week; immune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, mixed connective tissue disease, and polymyositis, due to antibodies producing anti-lymphocyte antibodies, resulting in Lymphocyte destruction and reduction, and the degree of reduction correlates with the titer of the antibody; congenital immunodeficiencies, such as various types of severe combined immunodeficiency, ataxia capillaris, malnutrition, or zinc deficiency, can cause lymphocytopenia to varying degrees. Certain drugs can also cause lymphopenia, such as menadione, nitrogen mustard phenylbutyrate, cortisone, epinephrine, lithium, nicotinic acid, steroids, etc.
Therefore, many factors can cause a high neutrophil percentage and low lymphocytes in the blood count, and you need to determine whether you need to seek medical attention or take other treatments based on your clinical symptoms and other test results indicators.