In recent years, there have been an increasing number of patients with knee pain, and many people have experienced knee pain, but the causes of knee pain are not well understood. The knee joint is the larger and more complex flexor joint in the body, which is subject to high stress and has a stable yet flexible structure. There are many causes of knee pain, but not all causes of knee pain are caused by lesions in the knee joint. Many knee pains are radiating knee pains triggered by lesions in the lower back and hip. The causes of knee pain can be summarized into two main categories A. Knee pain caused by knee injury 1. fat pad strain The fat pad fills the gap at the front of the knee joint, which has the effect of strengthening joint stability and reducing friction. The cause of fat pad strain may be due to trauma or long-term friction causing fat pad congestion, hypertrophy and inflammation, and adhesions with the patellar ligament, thus limiting knee joint activities. This injury occurs most often in people over 30 years of age who walk, hike or squat frequently.
People over the age of 30 years old. Patients may experience pain in the knee joint, which is worse when fully extended, but does not restrict joint movement. The symptoms are obvious after exertion. Meniscal injury is a common injury in athletes. When the lower extremity is weighted, the foot is fixed, and the knee is slightly flexed, a sudden excessive internal or external rotation of the knee (for example, in volleyball, the player suddenly turns around to save the ball while defending) may cause a meniscal tear. A meniscal injury can be characterized by a distinct tearing sensation in the knee, followed by joint pain, limited motion, and a walking limp. The joint exhibits swelling and slipping sensations and pops when the joint is moved. 3. Traumatic synovitis of the knee joint The synovial membrane of the knee is one of the main structures that make up the knee joint. Synovial cells secrete synovial fluid, which keeps the cartilage surface of the joint slippery and increases the range of motion of the joint. Injury to the synovial membrane due to trauma or overexertion can produce a large amount of fluid, which increases the pressure in the joint and, if not eliminated in time, can easily cause joint adhesions and affect normal activities. Patients will feel pain, swelling and pressure in the knee joint, and the synovial membrane has a frictional and astringent sound. The most obvious feature of the pain is that when the knee joint is actively and extremely extended, especially when there is a certain resistance to do the knee extension movement, the pain in the lower part of the patella will be increased, and the pain is also significantly increased when it is passively and extremely flexed. 4, osteoarthritis of the knee joint This condition is mostly seen in middle-aged and elderly people, mostly women. Overweight loading is the main cause of the disease. The knee joint will be swollen and painful, and sometimes there will be friction sounds when moving the joint. The knee may have an inversion deformity with medial pain. Treatment is based on joint metamorphosis, and joint replacement therapy for osteoarthritis of the knee is now a more mature treatment internationally. 5. Knee ligament injury The stability of the knee joint is relatively poor when it is slightly flexed, so if it is suddenly subjected to external forces that cause valgus or valgus, it may cause medial or lateral collateral ligament injury. Medial collateral ligament injuries account for the majority of clinical cases. In this injury, for example, the patient will have a clear history of trauma, pain and pressure on the medial side of the knee, increased pain with passive abduction of the lower leg, and swelling on the medial side of the knee, with petechiae appearing after a few days. Knee movement will be restricted. 6, improper exercise Some elderly people like to hike, but if they do not prepare for the activity or exercise too much, it can also cause joint pain. Especially people who suffer from synovitis or osteoarthritis, more likely to cause joint disease attacks or aggravation. In mountain climbing, when descending a mountain, the weight of the whole body is put on one knee joint and the pressure on the knee joint is several times higher than when standing normally. The same situation occurs when people go up and down stairs. 7, bad walking habits For example, often wearing shoes that do not fit or walking long distances in slippers or high heels can put the knee joint in an abnormal state of stress for a long time, causing chronic damage to the knee joint and causing knee pain.