Pneumonia in adults without aggressive anti-infective treatment may aggravate the patient’s infection and can result in severe pneumonia, respiratory failure, and in severe cases, pulmonary encephalopathy leading to the patient’s clinical death, but this is relatively rare because most patients are treated aggressively after the diagnosis of pneumonia. The pathogen causing the pneumonia should be identified first, followed by the selection of sensitive anti-infective drugs for treatment based on the culture and drug sensitivity test results of the pathogen. The patient’s clinical symptoms should be actively treated symptomatically to relieve the patient’s discomfort, and after treatment, the specialist should determine whether the patient is clinically cured by the patient’s clinical symptoms and relevant tests.