Hypertension is the most common chronic disease and the most important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, with major complications such as stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure and chronic kidney disease, which not only cause high disability and death rate, but also seriously consume medical and social resources and impose a heavy burden on families and the country. The practice at home and abroad proves that hypertension is a preventable and controllable disease, and reducing the blood pressure level of hypertensive patients can significantly reduce stroke and cardiac events, significantly improve the quality of life of patients, and effectively reduce the burden of disease. The prevalence of hypertension in our population 1. The prevalence of hypertension in our population has been increasing significantly over the past 50 years. According to the number and structure of our population in 2010
At present, there are about 200 million hypertensive patients in China, and 2 out of every 10 adults suffer from hypertension. 2. The prevalence of hypertension in China has two significant features: the prevalence of hypertension increases from the south to the north, and there are some differences in the prevalence of hypertension among different ethnic groups. 3. High sodium and low potassium diets are the most important risk factors for the development of hypertension in most patients in China. Overweight and obesity will become another important risk factor for the increase of hypertension prevalence in China. 4. The overall awareness rate, treatment rate and control rate of hypertension patients in China are significantly lower, below 50%, 40% and 10% respectively. Important risk factors for the development of hypertension in our population 1, high sodium, low potassium diet
In the population, sodium (NaCl) intake was positively correlated with blood pressure level and prevalence of hypertension, while potassium intake was negatively correlated with blood pressure level. The correlation between dietary sodium/potassium ratio and blood pressure is even stronger. A study of 14 cohorts in China showed that an average increase in dietary sodium intake of 2 g per day was associated with an increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure of 2.0 mmHg and 1.2 mmHg, respectively.
Diets high in sodium and low in potassium are the most important risk factors for the development of hypertension in most patients in China. In most areas of China, the per capita daily salt intake is more than 12-15 grams. In the International Collaborative Study on Salt and Blood Pressure (INTERMAP), the 24-hour urinary sodium/potassium ratio, which reflects the amount of dietary sodium/potassium, is above 6 in our population, while it is only 2-3 in Western populations. 2. Overweight and obesity Body fat content is positively correlated with blood pressure levels. Body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure levels in the population are positively correlated, BMI every 3kg/m2 increase, the risk of hypertension within 4 years, men increased by 50%, women increased by 57%. A pooled analysis of the follow-up data of 240,000 adults in China showed that BMI ≥24
kg/m was 3-4 times higher than the risk of hypertension in those with normal weight. The distribution of body fat is also associated with the occurrence of hypertension. The more abdominal fat accumulation, the higher the blood pressure level. The risk of hypertension in men with waist circumference ≥90cm or women ≥85cm is more than 4 times higher than that in people with normal waist circumference.
With the socio-economic development and improvement of living standard in China, the proportion and number of overweight and obese people in the population have increased significantly. In the urban middle-aged population, the proportion of overweight people has reached 25-30%. Overweight and obesity will become another important risk factor for the growth of the prevalence of hypertension in China. 3.Drinking alcohol
Excessive alcohol consumption is a risk factor for the development of hypertension, and the prevalence of hypertension in the population increases with the amount of alcohol consumed. Although a small amount of alcohol will reduce blood pressure in a short period of time, but a small amount of alcohol for a long time can cause a mild increase in blood pressure; excessive alcohol consumption will cause a significant increase in blood pressure. If the average daily alcohol consumption is >3 standard glasses (1 standard glass is equivalent to 12 grams of alcohol, about 360 grams of beer, or 100 grams of wine, or 30 grams of liquor), the systolic and diastolic blood pressure will increase by 3.5 mmHg and 2.1 mmHg, respectively, and the increase in blood pressure will increase with the amount of alcohol consumed. In China, a large number of people drink alcohol, and some men with hypertension have a long-term habit of drinking alcohol and drinking strong alcohol, so the effect of long-term excessive alcohol consumption on blood pressure and the occurrence of hypertension should be taken seriously. Alcohol consumption will also reduce the efficacy of antihypertensive treatment, while excessive alcohol consumption can induce acute cerebral hemorrhage or myocardial infarction attack. 4, mental tension Long-term mental stress is also a risk factor for the development of hypertension, long-term engagement in highly stressful work of people with increased prevalence of hypertension. 5, other risk factors Other risk factors for the development of hypertension include lack of physical activity, etc. In addition to hypertension, cardiovascular disease risk factors also include smoking, dyslipidemia, diabetes, obesity, etc.