Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a cardiovascular malformation caused by abnormal development of the heart and large blood vessels during fetal life, and is the most common heart disease in children. Foreign data show that the incidence of congenital heart disease is 4‰ to 12‰ in live births. That is, for every 100 live births, 1 child with congenital heart disease will be born. In Beijing Children’s Hospital, 451 cases of congenital cardiovascular malformations were found in 4450 autopsies, accounting for 10.1% of the total number of autopsies. Domestic survey of 20082 live births in two districts of Shanghai found that the incidence of this disease in the first year of life was 6.95‰, and according to this rate, about 100,000 to 150,000 newborns with congenital heart disease are born in China every year. According to domestic and foreign data, the most frequent cases of death in the neonatal period are aortic transposition, followed by hypoplastic left heart syndrome. The incidence of all types of congenital heart disease is most frequent in ventricular septal defect, followed by atrial septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus and pulmonary valve stenosis. Tetralogy of Fallot, on the other hand, is the most common of the surviving cyanotic congenital heart diseases.