Gynecological inflammatory diseases, most commonly vaginitis, are also common in gynecological primary care clinics. It is common to see patients who are worried and overstressed during their visits. Here, I would like to make a small introduction. The vagina, first of all, is an anatomical structure that leads to the abdominal cavity through the cervix, uterus and fallopian tubes, while the other end is “open” to the outside air through underwear and pants/skirts. In this “unseen” tube, a group of microorganisms, Gram-negative, positive, anaerobic, mycoplasma, pseudomycetes, etc., are living in the tube itself. In general, they live in peace with our vagina, forming an ecological balance and not causing disease. Once this balance is disturbed, for example, by the invasion of external bacteria, or if one of them proliferates for some reason, the inflammation is caused. So, what are the common triggers? Take our most common vulvovaginal pseudomonal yeast disease, which is often referred to as Candida vaginitis, for example. Pseudomonas, a conditional pathogen, is present in the vagina itself, and symptoms only appear when the systemic and local cellular immunity of the vagina decreases and Pseudomonas multiplies and transforms into the mycelial phase. Common triggers include the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, pregnancy, heavy use of immunosuppressive agents and high levels of estrogen therapy. Long-term application of antibiotics (we often see patients taking oral antibiotics directly or private outpatient clinics regardless of their condition) inhibits the growth of Lactobacillus, while Pseudomonas proliferates; in pregnancy and diabetes, resistance decreases, glycogen increases in vaginal tissues and acidity increases, which is conducive to the growth of Pseudomonas. This increases the local temperature and humidity, making it easy for pseudomonal yeast to multiply, which simply means mold! Trichomonas vaginalis, which is caused by Trichomonas vaginalis, is mainly transmitted through sexual contact, but also through contact with public baths, bath tubs, bath towels, swimming pools, toilets, clothing, contaminated equipment and accessories. Old age and infantile vaginitis, due to their own physiological characteristics and low local resistance, can easily cause infection. Bacterial vaginosis, a mixed infection due to dysbiosis, has unknown causes and may be related to frequent sexual intercourse, multiple sexual partners or alkalinization of the vagina by vaginal irrigation. After talking about the etiology, let’s talk about the manifestations. There is a simple chart in the textbook, which I will share with you. After reading the simple etiology of the disease, I believe that we have our own ideas about the treatment, which is simply to treat the cause, under the guidance of doctors, active and adequate treatment. Instead of taking for granted, directly buy their own anti-inflammatory drugs, misuse of antibiotics will be the result of the creation of super germs. Super germs, what is super, germs that are super resistant to antibiotics and have no cure! Vaginitis, a common gynecological disease, can be called the gynecological “cold”, but without treatment or standard treatment, the disease will not be cured, which will have a long-term physical and mental destruction and directly affect our quality of life. In addition, I especially mention cervicitis. There are acute and chronic cervicitis. In acute cervicitis, there are symptoms such as increased vaginal discharge, vulvar itching, burning, and even intermenstrual bleeding, bleeding during intercourse, and cervical congestion, edema, and contact bleeding visible on gynecological examination, requiring antibiotic treatment for the appropriate pathogens. In contrast, chronic cervicitis, including cervical polyps, hypertrophy, and what patients often refer to as cervical “erosion”, does not require antibiotic treatment. Cervical “erosion” can be physiological or pathological. Physiological columnar epithelial ectoplasia is seen in adolescents, women of childbearing age with high estrogen secretion, oral contraceptive pills or during pregnancy, due to the effect of estrogen, the squamous columnar junction is displaced and the cervix is locally erosion-like in appearance. A 19-year-old virgin was told that her hymen was broken in a private clinic and that she needed surgery for cervical erosion, but she did not have enough money to pay for it. Here is a brief summary of cervical cancer screening. Cervical cancer is the most common malignant tumor in gynecology, which can be asymptomatic at the early stage and can also be manifested as cervical erosion and polyps (so, pathological examination is recommended for polyp removal). High-risk factors include early sexual intercourse, multiple sexual partners, multiple pregnancies and so on. Therefore, regular cervical cancer screening is recommended for all sexually active individuals. The ideal protocol is cytology + HPV testing and colposcopic biopsy if there is any problem, so that the early detection and cure rate can reach 100%. If both tests are negative, cervical erosion does not necessarily require surgical treatment such as LEEP, especially in young and infertile patients, as the cervix is a natural barrier to prevent vaginal bacterial upstream infection and an important protective shield for pregnancy to reach full term. As a result, we hope that all women can be truly responsible for themselves and love themselves well!