Bronchiectasis is a long-term condition that usually results from chronic purulent inflammation and fibrosis of the bronchi and surrounding lung tissue, which leads to destruction of the muscle and elastic tissue of the bronchial walls. Abnormal dilatation of the airways in the lungs can lead to the collection of excess mucus, making the lungs susceptible to infection. Bronchiectasis is usually caused by pneumonia, tuberculosis, problems with the immune system, and the hereditary disease cystic fibrosis. Common symptoms of bronchiectasis include: chronic cough, coughing up blood, shortness of breath, chest pain, abnormal sounds in the chest when breathing, coughing up large amounts of mucus, fatigue, pestle and mortar fingers, and frequent respiratory infections. Diagnosis of bronchiectasis is usually made by chest X-ray, chest CT scan, chest function tests and by performing bronchoscopy. These tests can reveal signs of disease in the chest, exclude foreign bodies, or detect the severity of the disease. Treatment of bronchiectasis is usually done by clearing the airways, diluting mucus with medication, oxygen therapy, bronchodilators, and antibiotics. Bronchiectasis is a chronic disease, so it is important to strengthen the body’s resistance in daily life and prevent some toxic substances from entering the lungs and causing infection.