Urine sediment test is to observe the sediment of urine by using microscope to check whether there are abnormally increased tubular type, red blood cells, white blood cells, epithelial cells, crystals and other components in urine. Each indicator has its own clinical significance, which can help doctors diagnose diseases and also help doctors determine the prognosis of certain diseases.1. Tubular pattern: If tubular pattern is found in urine sediment examination, it usually indicates kidney damage, such as glomerulonephritis, kidney failure and so on. In addition, the different morphology of the tubular pattern also suggests different diseases, such as red blood cell tubular pattern suggests renal bleeding, white blood cell tubular pattern can be used to distinguish pyelonephritis from cystitis; granular tubular pattern, wax-like tubular pattern suggests that the kidney disease is in the deterioration stage, etc. 2, red blood cells: the number of more than 3 per high magnification field of view suggests the presence of microscopic hematuria, there may be urinary bleeding, which can be seen in inflammation, infection, stones, tumors of the urinary system etc. If urinary heterogeneous red blood cells are found, it usually indicates that the patient has diseases of the peripheral organs of the urinary system, such as prostatitis and pelvic inflammatory disease. It is also seen in systemic diseases, such as purpura, hemophilia, and systemic lupus erythematosus. If some drugs are ingested, there can also be an increase in red blood cells, such as cyclophosphamide, penicillin, sulfonamides, and attention should be paid to the identification; 3. Leukocytes: If urine sediment finds more than 10% of flash cells in urine leukocytes, it mostly suggests urinary system infection or peripheral organ diseases, such as urinary tract stones, pyelonephritis, prostatitis, vaginitis; 4. Epithelial cells: If urine sediment finds epithelial cells, it mostly suggests that the patient has renal parenchymal damage, urinary tract inflammation, such as glomerulonephritis, urethritis; 5. Crystals: If crystals are found in the urine sediment, it contains physiological and pathological crystals, physiological crystals may be the presence of calcium oxalate, uric acid, mostly seen in urine concentration. Pathological crystals commonly include cholesterol crystals, sulfonamide crystals, aspirin crystals, etc.; 6. Other: urine sediment can also find bacteria, fungi, pus cells and other components, suggesting more diseases, such as acute cystitis, urinary tract infection, genitourinary trichomoniasis, septic urethritis, etc. The urine sediment test should be taken from fresh urine excreted by the patient, and the test is usually completed within 30 minutes after urine collection. If the urine is left for too long, it will become alkaline and the cells, tubular patterns and other organic components in the urine may be destroyed and affect the test results. Usually, the urine specimen retained for the urine sediment test can be from any time period, but in the case of patients with kidney disease, in order to dynamically observe the changes in the composition of the urine, it is recommended to retain the first urine in the morning for testing, so that the results are more accurate. When taking urine specimens, pay attention to the middle segment of urine, female patients pay attention to avoid mixing with leukorrhea and avoid menstruation.