In the past, the surgical treatment of esophageal cancer often took the posterior and lateral incision of the chest, which often required the removal of one rib, and patients often had chest pain and discomfort after surgery. With the demand for quality of life and the improvement of medical level, the Department of Oncology Surgery of Nanjing First Hospital has introduced the minimally invasive treatment technology for esophageal cancer in recent years, and its postoperative survival rate is almost no different from that of major surgery with extensive resection. Patients have little trauma, quick recovery after surgery and no obvious adverse sequelae, which obviously improves patients’ quality of life. The specific surgical methods are as follows: 1. Endoscopic mucosal resection and electrocautery For some early esophageal cancers, patients can remove the tumor lesions without opening the chest, or burn the tumor lesions by electrocautery. 2. Anterolateral small incision open thoracotomy for esophageal cancer tumor resection is performed without cutting off the ribs, and the radical treatment of esophageal cancer tumor is performed through intercostal entry into the chest to complete the reconstruction surgery of digestive tract. 3. Non-open-chest esophageal cancer resection for some patients with early stage esophageal cancer and old and weak esophageal cancer who are not suitable for open-chest surgery can only take two small incisions in the neck and abdomen to perform esophageal cancer debulking surgery and complete the reconstructive surgery of digestive tract in the neck, and then supplemented with radiotherapy and chemotherapy after surgery, which can achieve the same curative effect as open-chest surgery. 4. Thoracoscopic esophageal cancer tumor resection can be performed under thoracoscopy, followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy, which can also achieve the purpose of radical surgery.