The main clinical manifestation of endometriosis is dysmenorrhea, and if the ectopic endometrium is implanted in a dense distribution of nerves, the pain is pronounced. The inflammation manifests as chronic inflammation of the tissues, like rheumatoid arthritis, causing pain and leading to fibrosis of the tissues, resulting in deformation of the anatomy. The dense distribution of pelvic nerves is mainly in the uterus and sacral ligaments and intestinal canal, and the treatment varies depending on the location of the lesion. If the lesion is confined to the uterus, removal of the suprauterine lesion will solve the problem, but the lesion is often more widely distributed, so the pain must be resolved by a thorough intraoperative exploration and removal of all the lesions. However, sometimes surgery cannot completely remove all the lesions and medication is sometimes necessary. The inflammation that occurs in endometriosis is controlled by sex hormones, with estrogen promoting the inflammatory response and progesterone and androgens suppressing it. The ectopic endometrial glands produce factors that induce an inflammatory cellular response in response to estrogen, and estrogen must pass through the endometrial glandular cells in order to stimulate an inflammation-related cellular response. The current therapeutic goal is to interrupt this inflammatory response pathway. It is believed that this difficult disease will be treated very effectively in the near future.