Hypertension is divided into primary hypertension and secondary hypertension. Renal hypertension is the most common secondary hypertension, including both renal parenchymal hypertension and renal vascular hypertension, which is mainly due to the elevation of blood pressure caused by lesions of the renal vessels or renal parenchyma, called renal hypertension. Renal vascular hypertension is mainly due to renal artery stenosis, which leads to renal ischemia and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, which increases the secretion of these hormones and leads to an increase in blood pressure; in some patients, a vascular murmur can be heard in the upper abdomen or at the rib cage angle in the back during physical examination. Renal parenchymal hypertension mainly includes acute or chronic glomerulonephritis, chronic pyelonephritis, allergic purpura nephritis, renal tuberculosis, renal amyloidosis, diabetic nephropathy, polycystic kidney, lupus nephritis, and stages of renal failure due to various causes. In addition to clinical hypertension, patients with renal hypertension often have abnormal urinalysis, such as proteinuria, leukocyturia or hematuria, and anemia, which is closely related to the degree of renal function, so we often call this renal hypertension “white hypertension”. Primary hypertension has an older age of onset and often has a family history of hypertension. Patients rarely have significant proteinuria and hematuria is rare, and renal function begins with reduced tubular concentration, while glomerular filtration remains normal for a long time, until the final stage when glomerular filtration decreases and blood creatinine rises. Primary hypertension usually does not show anemia, and we often refer to this primary hypertension as “red hypertension”.