When inflammation occurs in the female internal genitalia, its surrounding connective tissue, and the pelvic peritoneum, it is called pelvic inflammatory disease (pelvic inflammatory disease). Pelvic inflammatory disease is a common disease in gynecology. The inflammation can be confined to one site or several sites at the same time. It can be divided into acute and chronic according to its pathogenesis and clinical manifestations. Acute inflammation may cause serious consequences such as diffuse peritonitis, sepsis and even infectious shock; chronic inflammation is recurrent due to prolonged treatment. The patient has to pay attention to the prevention and treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease because it affects the physical and mental health of women and causes pain to the patient. The female genital tract is anatomically and physiologically characterized by a relatively well-developed natural defense function, which enhances the defense against infection, and thus certain pathogens can be present in the vagina of healthy women, but do not necessarily cause inflammation. The main pathogens that cause pelvic genital inflammation are Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Escherichia coli, and anaerobic bacteria. I. Streptococcus: There are many types of Gram-positive streptococci, A, B and C. Category B hemolytic streptococci are highly pathogenic, can produce hemolysin and a variety of enzymes, making the infection easy to spread and cause sepsis, the pus is relatively thin, light red, more volume, but generally not complicated by metastatic abscesses. Before the introduction of antibiotics, about 75% of maternal deaths due to septic deficiency of puerperal infections were caused by group A hemolytic group B streptococcal infections. This bacterium is sensitive to penicillin, the application of penicillin, maternal mortality is basically controlled. Second, staphylococcus: Gram-positive, is the pathogenic bacteria of postpartum, post-surgical genital inflammation and wound infection is common, often along the vagina, uterus, fallopian tube mucosa upstream infection. There are three types of Staphylococcus aureus, white and lemon, all of which are pathogenic, with Staphylococcus aureus being the most pathogenic. The pus is yellow, thick, not smelly, often accompanied by metastatic abscesses, and is easily resistant to commonly used antibiotics, and it is better to use drugs according to drug sensitivity tests. Penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is sensitive to vanguardycin I, vancomycin, clindamycin, chloramphenicol. Third, E. coli: Gram-negative, normal parasitic bacteria of the intestinal tract, generally not pathogenic, but when the body is extremely weak or due to trauma and other invasive extraintestinal tissues or organs can cause serious infections, and even endotoxic shock, often mixed with other pathogenic bacteria. The pus of E. coli does not smell, when there is a mixed infection, produce silk thick pus and fecal odor. Can be applied kanamycin, gentamicin, pioneeromycin I, carbenicillin, etc., but easy to produce drug-resistant strains, it is best to make drug sensitivity test, select sensitive drugs. Gram-positive bacteria mixed infection serious can also be combined with penicillin G, ampicillin, tetracycline, etc. Fourth, anaerobic bacteria: due to the progress of anaerobic culture technology, since the 70s, more and more attention to the importance of anaerobic bacteria in pelvic infections, mainly peptic streptococcus (peptostreptococcus), peptococcus (peptococcus) and fragile bacteria (bacteroidisfragilis), etc.. These bacteria are mainly from the colon, rectum, vagina and oral mucosa. General sampling and culture techniques are not easy to obtain positive results. In the past, some pelvic abscesses had no colony growth in the pus culture, which was probably an anaerobic infection, but positive results were not obtained due to the limitations of anaerobic culture technology at that time. According to the literature, 70% to 80% of pelvic abscesses can be cultured with anaerobic bacteria. Anaerobic bacteria in pelvic infections can be infected alone or mixed with aerobic bacteria, therefore, attention should be paid to the selection of antibiotics to take into account the need to control anaerobic bacteria. Streptococcus digestiveis is sensitive to penicillin, cephalosporins (cepha 10thin) in vanguardomycins (cephalosporins), chloramphenicol, and metronidazole. Fifth, sexually transmitted pathogens: such as gonorrhea, Chlamydia trachomatis, other may have mycoplasma, herpes virus.