Sudden death is the sudden and unexpected short-term onset of cardiac and respiratory arrest, resulting in death. Most of the causes of sudden death are caused by heart disease, so it is also called sudden cardiac death. With the advancement of medical science, many patients with cardiac arrest (“dead” patients) have been brought back, so the medical term for this condition is cardiac arrest, and if it cannot be saved, it is called sudden death. For patients suffering from hypertension, coronary heart disease, stroke, heart failure and other diseases, controlling the underlying disease is the key to prevention. For example, regular medication, control blood pressure, etc. In addition, pay attention to a light diet, quit smoking and drinking, eat more fruits and vegetables, and exercise in moderation. If there is a sudden drop in temperature, you should pay attention to keeping warm. When you wake up in the morning, you can lie still in bed for 10 minutes, and then get out of bed slowly after you are completely awake. Do not stand in the wind when exercising in the morning, pay attention to the weather forecast, if the temperature drops significantly, you can change the exercise indoors or suspend the exercise. When symptoms such as chest tightness, chest pain and breathlessness appear, you need to be especially alert because panic, shortness of breath and chest tightness are often precursors to various cardiovascular emergencies. At this time, you should go to the hospital for examination and treatment as soon as possible, so that early detection, early monitoring and early treatment. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation: the most effective way to “save the heart” As the saying goes, the sky is unpredictable, and people have a lot of misfortune. If cardiac arrest unfortunately occurs outside the hospital, the first pre-hospital CPR resuscitation is like a race to the death, which is related to whether or not to save lives. The earlier CPR is started, the higher the survival rate. If effective CPR is started within 4 minutes of the onset of cardiac arrest, the likelihood of saving the patient is greatly increased. Effective chest compressions deliver blood to the blood vessels that nourish the heart and brain, and for every minute of delay in CPR, the survival rate of patients with ventricular fibrillation and sudden cardiac arrest decreases by 7% to 10%. Early CPR can increase the survival rate of patients with ventricular fibrillation and sudden cardiac arrest by 2 to 3 times. In many Western countries, almost all adults and even teenagers are required to learn CPR. Because of the importance of CPR, standardized guidelines for CPR techniques have been developed internationally several times to guide out-of-hospital CPR practice. And based on recent resuscitation research findings, older guidelines are regularly revised to make them more applicable to practice. Cardiac patients, especially coronary heart patients, should carry with them emergency drugs such as nitroglycerin, anti-cardiac pain, compound salvia drops or quick-acting heart pills, store emergency quick numbers in their cell phones, install remote ECG monitoring devices if possible, and try not to go out alone. In case of sudden onset of chest tightness, chest pain, dizziness, palpitations and other discomforts, take the medication and call for help in time to create opportunities to save your life. When there is a heart patient in the family, family members should be trained in CPR techniques so that they can be the first to save themselves and gain time in case of an accident. The new version of resuscitation: “chest compressions” is the most important This year’s new guidelines compared to the past, making important changes, its guiding principle is that for non-professionals, the simpler the method, the easier it is to do, the better the results. For ease of memory, we call it “compressions 100 + 5”. In the past guidelines, we recommended that compressions and ventilation (artificial respiration) be performed together. In the new guidelines, for bystanders who have not been trained in CPR, if they encounter a suddenly collapsed adult patient, they should immediately perform simple chest compressions, i.e., apply firm and rapid compressions in the center of the chest until the arrival of a professional emergency responder. Simple chest compressions are easier to perform for untrained rescuers, and for cardiac arrests due to heart disease, simple chest compressions CPR and CPR with artificial respiration have similar survival rates. Therefore, witnesses who are not specifically trained can do their part to save lives in the first place. However, for trained rescuers, the guidelines still recommend the simultaneous implementation of compressions and ventilation. 2. Changes in first aid procedures: “C-A-B” instead of “A-B-C” We often refer to the CPR trilogy “ABC”, which refers to the initial resuscitation process in A (airway) refers to the opening of the airway, such as in the rescue of drowning victims, the first clean foreign bodies in the mouth; artificial respiration before lifting the jaws of the rescued person, the head back to keep the airway open. C (circulation) refers to the establishment of effective artificial circulation. Cardiac compressions are the primary method of creating temporary artificial circulation at the scene. In the old guidelines, adult CPR procedures began with opening the airway, first checking for normal breathing, then performing 2 artificial breaths, then 30 chest compressions, then 2 artificial breaths, and so on in a 30:2 cycle. The new guideline brings step C to the first place, i.e., chest compressions are performed before ventilation. This change in order reflects the new concept of first aid: to establish circulation as early as possible to gain emergency time. In the 2005 version of the old guidelines, after opening the airway, the respiratory status was evaluated by the method of seeing (chest undulation), hearing (airflow) and feeling (breath) with the ear close to the mouth and nose, and if there was no chest undulation, no airflow, or only sigh-like breathing, artificial respiration could be started. The new guideline of 2010 adopts the new procedure of “chest compressions first”, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CAB sequence) is performed immediately when the patient is unresponsive and not breathing, or not breathing normally, so the breathing will be checked quickly when checking for cardiac arrest, and there is no need to assess breathing after opening the airway. 4. The rate of chest compressions should be at least 100 compressions per minute in the old guideline. In most studies, increasing the frequency of compressions improves survival. Adequate chest compressions emphasize not only the frequency of compressions, but also the minimization of interruptions in compressions. Animal studies have demonstrated that delaying or interrupting chest compressions decreases survival rates. Therefore, in the process of rescue, the compression rate should avoid insufficient or frequent interruptions. 5, the range of chest compressions in the old guidelines for the range of chest compressions is to press the adult sternum about 4-5 cm, the new guidelines point out that the sternum pressed more than 5 cm, in order to effectively compress the heart to produce blood flow, to provide oxygen and energy for the heart and brain. In normal practice, we found that many rescuers have difficulty in reaching this standard of compression depth, which may affect the effect of resuscitation.