Nowadays, many people hope to detect or rule out malignant tumors at an early stage by checking tumor markers during medical checkups. However, after really checking the tumor markers, some people are happy because the results are normal and soon they are diagnosed with tumor by the doctor, while others are sad because the results are abnormal and cannot be ruled out for a long time. Some people often ask Sister Fear not to be afraid, why would such a situation occur? Does it matter if you have high tumor markers or not, will you get cancer? Tumor markers are a class of biochemical substances used to reflect the existence of malignant tumors. Ideally, once it increases, it should be able to confirm the diagnosis of malignant tumor, i.e. the sensitivity should be 100%; if it is normal, it can definitely exclude malignant tumor, i.e. the specificity is 100%. However, in fact, no tumor marker can fully meet such definition and achieve such goal. In other words, an increased tumor marker does not necessarily indicate a malignant tumor, while a non-increased tumor marker does not necessarily indicate the absence of a malignant tumor. If this is the case, why do doctors want people to check tumor markers? In clinical practice, tumor markers are firstly used for prognostic analysis of patients with known malignant tumors, such as analyzing the degree of malignancy, aggressiveness, proliferation, survival, etc. Secondly, for those tumor markers that are increased before treatment, they can be used for evaluating the efficacy during treatment, deciding whether to change the treatment plan, diagnosing whether there is residual or not, and for diagnosing recurrence during follow-up; again, for patients with clear masses or metastases, they can be used for Finally, only individual tumor markers can be used for screening and early diagnosis of corresponding tumors during physical examination. These tumor markers, which should be checked during physical examination, according to clinical practice, the following tumor markers can be used for screening and early diagnosis of corresponding malignant tumors, the increase of which can reach thousands. 1. alpha-fetoprotein (AFP): reflecting better differentiated hepatocellular hepatocellular carcinoma, its increase often precedes clinical symptoms such as pain in the liver area, which can significantly improve the surgical resection rate and one-year survival rate of hepatocellular carcinoma. Increased AFP can also be seen in germ cell tumors in the ovaries and testes, including teratomas, so the presence of these tumors should also be examined after liver cancer is ruled out. In addition, increased AFP can also occur in acute and chronic hepatitis, but mostly within 300 μg/L, and is often accompanied by increased transaminases. 2. Glycoprotein 125 (CA125): Reflects ovarian plasmacytoid cystic adenocarcinoma. 78% of the various pelvic masses are positive for ovarian malignancies, of which, 100% are positive for ovarian plasmacytoid cystic adenocarcinoma and only 33% for mucinous cystic adenocarcinoma, and are low value increases, less often exceeding 65u/mL. Others, such as endometrial displacement, fibroids, functional cysts, pelvic inflammatory disease, fluid in the fallopian tubes and other benign pelvic diseases, were only 6% positive. Various other malignant tumors, such as when accompanied by an increase in CA125, commonly have significant thoraco-abdominal fluid. 3.Prostate specific antigen (PSA): PSA is the best method for early detection of prostate cancer as well as anal finger examination and transrectal prostate ultrasonography. 4. Calcitonin (CT): It reflects well differentiated medullary thyroid carcinoma. These patients often show flushing and prolonged diarrhea, and severe diarrhea may exist when CT is significantly elevated, with the presence of harder nodules in the thyroid gland or even in the lower neck, and in the case of familial patients, bilateral thyroid nodules with adrenal masses. elevated CT may also exist in other tumors with endocrine function, such as small cell lung cancer. 5.Chorionic gonadotropin (HCG): It is an effective tumor marker for malignant trophoblastic tumors – choriocarcinoma and testicular cancer, and the change of its blood level can fully reflect the treatment. Usually HCG is used to detect pregnancy; therefore, pregnancy should be considered first in women of childbearing age with elevated HCG. Those with recent miscarriage or irregular menstrual bleeding should consider choriocarcinoma if HCG is consistently elevated. What should you do if your tumor markers are increased? In fact, besides the increase of tumor markers is related to the occurrence of malignant tumor, as far as the subject is concerned, inflammation and infection in various sites, such as stomach, intestine, liver and gallbladder, genitourinary system, lung, etc., intestinal polyps, inflammatory hyperplasia, skin diseases such as psoriasis, cholestasis, liver and kidney dysfunction, etc., can lead to CEA, CA199, CA50, CA724, CA125, PSA, etc. Tumor markers, such as CEA, CA199, CA50, CA724, CA125, PSA, etc., can be increased at a low level, i.e. “false positive” performance. Many tumor markers are also lowly increased in pregnant women, and even some women of childbearing age are found to be pregnant only when they have increased tumor markers during physical examination. However, it is important to note that persistent and large increases in tumor markers need to be guarded against concomitant cancer. In addition, hospital specimen quality, operational factors, reagent types and methodological issues will also affect the accuracy of tumor marker measurement results. Therefore, if a medical examiner encounters an elevated tumor marker, he or she can visit an oncology hospital. The doctor will first make a comprehensive analysis of the normal value range, the magnitude of the increase, individual symptoms and the characteristics of the tumor marker. Generally speaking, for the low level increase of tumor markers which are slightly higher than the upper limit of normal value but without obvious suspicious symptoms, or with very low specificity, they can be rechecked once a month in the oncology hospital after proper conditioning and rest, and if they continue to fluctuate in the original value range or have a tendency to increase, they should be rechecked in the oncology hospital and other hospitals for the same item at the same time. If it continues to increase, the doctor will check carefully and if necessary, CT, PET/CT and other examinations are needed. If the tumor markers fluctuate up and down repeatedly, but there is no overall trend of continued increase, at this time, patients need not be overly nervous. In conclusion, it is clinically confirmed that some tumor markers can screen and early diagnose corresponding tumors. For this reason, it is recommended that those who are engaged in high pollution work and enter into high risk age should be examined once a year, and those who have family history of tumor should cross into medical examination in advance.