Zhang Haishao1,2 Yang Shuyu1 Cao Hongxin2 Shi Zaixiang3 1, Xiamen First Hospital, Xiamen Diabetes Research Institute, Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, 361003 Zhang Haishao, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Chuiyangliu Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China 2, Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700 3, China-Japan Friendship Hospital National Center for Integrative Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, 100029 Abstract: Wang Qingren Wang Qingren was an innovative medical doctor in the Qing Dynasty, who wrote the “Medical Lin Correction” in 12 years, containing 33 prescriptions, which enriched and developed the theory of blood stasis by giving play to the theory of qi and blood in Chinese medicine. His prescriptions for activating blood stasis were based on the theory related to qi and blood, and his treatment was mainly based on the products to activate and nourish blood, and he was good at moving qi and activating blood, tonifying qi and activating blood, and grasping the disease mechanism according to the different parts of blood stasis and causes, and knowing the changes and using medicine flexibly so as to achieve the purpose of moving blood and eliminating blood stasis. Wang Qingren was an innovative medical practitioner in the Qing Dynasty, who wrote the “Medical Lin Correction” containing 33 prescriptions over a period of 12 years, which gave play to the theory of qi and blood in Chinese medicine and enriched and developed the doctrine of blood stasis. This paper discusses Wang’s academic thought from two aspects: his theory related to qi and blood and the point of using medicine. The importance of qi-blood treatment has been mentioned in the Nei Jing, and its discussion of qi-blood: “Su Wen Zhi Zhen Yao Da Lun” says, “Be careful to observe the disease mechanism, each division of its own genus, those who have seek, those who do not seek, those who are in full bloom, those who are deficient, must first five wins, dredge its blood and qi, another its stripes, and to achieve peace”. Only when the qi and blood are in balance can we have “long life in heaven”. For example, “Yin and Yang Yingxiang Dazhuan”: “examine its yin and yang, to distinguish between soft and rigid, Yang disease treatment of yin, Yin disease treatment of yang, determine its blood and qi, each guard its country ……” also stressed that the focus of treatment should be on qi and blood. Wang inherited these doctrines and summarized them through practice to bring the theory of qi and blood into play. Chinese medicine believes that qi and blood are the two most important substances in the human body, emphasizing the role of the person’s qi-chemistry “qi is the master of warmth, blood is the master of moistening”, the warmth and moistening of qi and blood, in order to maintain and play the normal physiological functions of the body’s organs, limbs and bones. Problems with any of the qi and blood, or abnormal coordination between qi and blood, will lead to dysfunction of the internal organs and cause a variety of diseases. Wang’s in the “qi and blood together pulse said” in the elaboration: “the key to treating disease, in understanding the qi and blood, regardless of external and internal injuries, to know what the first disease hurt people, can not hurt the internal organs, can not hurt the tendons and bones, can not hurt the flesh, the injury is only qi and blood, qi has deficiency and reality, the real evil qi is real, deficiency is deficient qi, …… blood deficiency stasis. Blood deficiency must have the trap of blood deficiency, or because of vomiting blood, epistaxis, or drowning blood, blood in the stool, or broken wound bleeding too much, or bleeding from the collapse, postpartum injury too much blood, if blood stasis, there are blood stasis symptoms can be investigated.” He clearly put forward that Qi has deficiency and Blood has deficiency and stasis, indicating that Wang’s theory of Qi and Blood is distinguished from the perspective of deficiency and reality. Wang made full use of the relationship between the interaction between qi and blood, and attached importance to the combination of qi and blood medicines, so that the qi could be opened and the blood could be activated to achieve the purpose of curing the disease. Among the two, he attached more importance to the role of qi, which he considered to be the source of human life, and that human life activities were all governed by qi, and that the treatment of blood was connected with the management of qi, and that the management of qi was combined with the treatment of blood, and that the blood was invigorated and nourished, while the qi was acted upon and tonified. In many of his treatises, we can see the importance he attached to “vital energy”. The origin of hemiplegia: “People sit and move, all rely on the vital energy. If the yuan qi is sufficient, it is powerful. Yuan Qi is weak, it is powerless. Yuan Qi is extinct, it is dead.” It is believed that the symptoms of hemiplegia are mostly due to qi deficiency. He believes that “the vital energy is deficient, will not be able to reach the blood vessels, blood vessels without gas, will stay and stasis”, “can make the body qi and blood through and not stagnant, blood live and not stasis, qi through the blood live, why not remove the disease”. In the book “Medical Lin Correction”, 60 types of Qi deficiency and 50 types of Blood stasis were summarized, and the basic principle of “Qi deficiency should be tonified and Blood stasis should be activated” was established, and the basic principle of Wang’s cubic selection of medicine was to tonify Qi and activate Blood, and to remove Blood stasis and activate Blood. Looking at all of the “Medical Lin Correction”, none of the prescriptions are specifically for breaking Qi, so it can be understood that replenishing Qi is Wang’s emphasis, and the doctrine of “Blood is appropriate to determine the actual blood, and Qi is appropriate to induce the deficiency” in the “Nei Jing” is carried forward. Second, the characteristics of the use of medicine Wang’s use of medicine is also very careful, different evidence, different prescriptions, the amount of medicine is also different, the combination method is different, and focus on eliminating evil without forgetting to help the right, pay attention to the use of Huang Qi. Therefore, in the series of prescriptions he created, he has formed his own system, which can be divided into two categories: one is based on activating blood circulation and eliminating blood stasis, focusing on the site of blood stasis and combining with the intermingled evil; the second is based on tonifying qi, creatively proposing the “theory of qi deficiency and blood stasis”. There are 8 prescriptions named after Blood Stasis Removal or Blood Stasis Removal, namely: Blood Mansion and Blood Stasis Removal Tang, Tongkou and Blood Stasis Removal Tang, Diaphragm and Blood Stasis Removal Tang, Shao Abdominal and Blood Stasis Removal Tang, Body Pain and Blood Stasis Removal Tang, Huaijiao and Blood Stasis Removal Tang, Detoxification and Blood Stasis Removal Tang, and Tongjing and Blood Stasis Removal Tang. Among the eight formulae for activating blood circulation and eliminating blood stasis, a total of 35 herbs are used, of which 17 are for activating blood circulation, eliminating blood stasis and promoting blood circulation, accounting for half of the total number of herbs, which shows that Wang’s intention of creating the formula is to take “blood stasis” as an important causative factor. The remaining half of the qi-activating drugs are heliotrope, heliotrope shell, aromatic herb and wu yao; the warming drugs are dried ginger, cinnamon and cumin; the wind-heat dispersing drugs are Chai Hu and Ge Gen; the heat-clearing drugs are forsythia and xuan shen; the wind-damp dispersing drugs are gentiana and qiang wu, and the meridian inducing drugs are A total of 18 herbs are used to induce menstruation, including Niu Knee, Chai Hu, Radix Platycodon, and Yellow Wine. Wang’s treatment principles and methods vary according to the location of blood stasis or the factors involved. If the stasis is in the abdomen, Shao Abdominal Expelling Stasis Soup is established, adding angelica and Chuanxiong with dry ginger and cinnamon, with the meaning of biochemical soup, and using cumin as a guide to induce the downward movement of the medicine, going straight to the lower yuan, warming the meridians and dispersing cold. If the stasis is in the shoulder, arm, waist and leg, and is accompanied by rheumatism, the remedy is Body Pain and Eliminating Blood Stasis Soup; if the stasis is outside the skin and inside the skin, and is accompanied by plague, the remedy is Tong Jing and Eliminating Blood Stasis Soup; if the stasis is in Hui Yao, and is accompanied by plague, the remedy is Hui Yao and Eliminating Blood Stasis Soup; if the stasis is in Jin Men, and is accompanied by plague, the remedy is Detoxifying and Invigorating Blood Soup. The method of tonifying Qi and invigorating Blood is Wang Qingren’s outstanding contribution to the theory of Qi and Blood. His tonic Yang also five soup, Huang Qi red wind soup, first aid Hui Yang Tang and more than a dozen formulas, are heavy use of astragalus to nourish the qi, with the blood to eliminate blood stasis medicine. Astragalus use, a unique pattern, such as for postpartum wind of astragalus peach red soup, the amount of astragalus up to 250g, while peach kernel, safflower only 6g, 9g, the main tonic qi, slightly supplemented by the cubic principle of removing blood stasis is clear. Wang’s view that hemiplegia is “a disease of loss of vital energy”, although this view is not unbiased, it is also unique in that it recognizes the causative factor of hemiplegia as “deficiency of vital energy and stasis of qi and blood”, which captures the essence of qi deficiency and blood stasis type of hemiplegia. Wang emphasized the role of Yuan Qi and blood in the treatise on hemiplegia and advocated to start from invigorating his own functions, and set up the formula “Yang Replenishing and Returning Five Soup”, and emphasized that the dosage of Huang Qi in this formula should be used up to 4 taels, so that the Qi is strong and the blood is moving, eliminating blood stasis without hurting the positive; if the Qi is deficient and causes blood stasis, the stasis will not go away if the Qi is only replenished, he said ” There are special supplementation of qi, the more qi and blood stasis”, so it must be supplemented with blood stasis products, supplement its qi is blood itself; because of qi disease and blood, so the main supplementation of qi, blood second, the symptoms of the same treatment. According to modern pharmacological research, astragalus can raise blood pressure in small amounts and lower it in large amounts, and has the effect of regulating immune function and improving blood rheology, which may be its mechanism of subsidizing vital energy. In conclusion, Wang’s blood circulation and blood stasis formula is based on theories related to qi and blood, blood circulation and blood stasis to invigorate the blood products, treatment is good at moving qi and blood, replenishing qi and blood, and according to the site of blood stasis, the cause of the difference, grasp the mechanism of the disease, know how to change, flexible use of drugs, so as to achieve the purpose of blood circulation and blood stasis.