Dystrophic metaplasia of brain cells is usually referred to as primary hypertension with mental disorders, which is the most common type of mental disorder associated with vascular disease, and refers to the mental disorders that accompany the development of primary hypertension. Psychiatric disorders associated with primary hypertension mainly manifest as neurotic-like syndrome, but also depressive syndrome, hallucinations, delusional states, etc. When the blood pressure increases rapidly and a hypertensive crisis occurs, it is often accompanied by disorders of consciousness. The etiology of hypertension is still unclear, but emotional instability and mental stress often cause the patient’s blood pressure to remain elevated. This sensitivity of hypertensive patients to mental factors has been clinically suggested as a likely cause of mental disorders in hypertensive patients. What are the causes of dystrophic metaplasia of brain cells? The etiology of primary hypertension is currently unknown. It may be related to aging, psychosocial factors, genetic factors, and a high-calorie diet. It occurs mostly in the 40s and 50s. There is no gender difference. On the basis of cerebrovascular wall lesions and blood composition, hemodynamic changes, coupled with long-term emotional instability, persistent mental stress and other factors, can cause a continuous increase in blood pressure, resulting in small arterial spasm and small arteriosclerosis, and the resulting lack of blood supply to brain tissue or even ischemia, resulting in nutritional disorders of nerve cells, resulting in transient cerebrovascular crisis or leading to mental disorders. The onset of the disease is usually rapid, with a slow progression and a gradual fluctuation in the course of the disease, and a variety of clinical manifestations, but eventually it often develops into dementia. The course and prognosis of the disease often depend on the severity of the hypertension itself, which can be aggravated by the presence of psychiatric symptoms. Disorders of consciousness appear paroxysmally and the prognosis is poor if they persist.