Ms. Guo is 58 years old and has been suffering from hypertension for more than 10 years. She usually takes antihypertensive drugs irregularly and often forgets to take them, but she takes antihypertensive drugs only when she feels dizzy or has an uncomfortable headache, and rarely measures her blood pressure. Recently, due to household chores, one morning when he woke up, he had a significant headache and dizziness and could not stand up, accompanied by nausea and vomiting, so his family rushed him to the hospital. So, what is a “hypertensive emergency”? Why did Ms. Guo have a “hypertensive emergency”? A hypertensive emergency is a significant increase in blood pressure with target organ damage (such as hypertensive encephalopathy, myocardial infarction, unstable angina, pulmonary edema, eclampsia, stroke, fatal arterial hemorrhage, or aortic coarctation) in a hypertensive patient during the development of the disease or under the influence of certain triggers. The clinical manifestations of hypertensive emergencies include a rapid increase in blood pressure and target organ damage, and thus the symptoms are complex and varied. Common symptoms include headache, vertigo, irritability, nausea, vomiting, palpitations, shortness of breath, and blurred vision. The target organ damage has corresponding clinical manifestations depending on the different organs. Hypertensive emergencies are fierce, and patients are prone to death if resuscitation measures are not effective. With the advancement of medical science, there are many effective antihypertensive drugs available, and if patients are found in time and given effective treatment immediately, the patient can be turned to safety. Since the patient and his family members are the first to discover the occurrence of hypertensive emergencies and the first to give the most timely treatment immediately, knowledge of the treatment of hypertensive emergencies among family members and patients themselves is the primary factor in determining the patient’s prognosis. You should do this when a patient with hypertension has the following conditions: sudden onset of nausea, vomiting, severe headache, panic and even blurred vision, and a sudden rise in blood pressure, indicating that hypertensive encephalopathy has occurred, you should immediately rest in bed, stabilize the patient’s emotions, do not be nervous. Take antihypertensive drugs in a timely manner. If the condition does not improve after taking medication and rest, notify the emergency center to send to the hospital for emergency treatment. If a hypertensive patient develops not only headache and vomiting, but also numbness of limbs, paralysis and impaired consciousness. If such symptoms are found, it may be acute cerebrovascular disease. Family members should immediately notify the emergency center. Also, lie flat immediately and tilt the head to the side to prevent aspiration of vomit into the airway, which may cause misaspiration and lead to asphyxia or aspiration pneumonia. A patient with hypertension suddenly has palpitations and shortness of breath, cyanosis of the lips and mouth, difficulty in whistling with coughing up pink foamy sputum, and cannot lie down. Acute left heart failure may occur, the patient should be quickly put in a sitting position with legs hanging down, and if oxygen bags are available at home, the patient should be put on oxygen immediately and the emergency center should be notified immediately. After exertion or mental stimulation, hypertensive patients suddenly experience pain in the precordial region, chest tightness, and radiation to the left shoulder or left upper extremity, pallor, and cold sweat …… This may be the occurrence of acute angina pectoris or myocardial infarction. To let the patient rest quietly, a sublingual nitroglycerin, and inhale oxygen, immediately call the emergency center. In conclusion, hypertensive emergencies should be treated early, individually, holistically, and long-term in order to restore function and return to society. The best way to treat hypertensive emergencies is to take precautions and focus on prevention, never “not to burn incense at ordinary times, but to hold the Buddha’s feet in times of emergency. So how to prevent hypertension and hypertensive emergencies? First of all, we should seriously change our lifestyle. Some statistics, moderate drinking, quit smoking, adhere to the amount of physical activity (especially regular aerobic activities, such as brisk walking, 4 days a week, more than 30 minutes each time), can make the systolic blood pressure drop 4 to 9 mm Hg; diet appropriate to limit salt intake, 6 grams a day can make the systolic blood pressure drop 2 to 8 mm Hg; into low-fat and saturated fatty acid less food, increase vegetables, fruits; overweight or obese people To reduce weight, maintain a normal weight is also beneficial to reduce blood pressure. Mental health, which is not only an important means of hypertension treatment, but also other cardiovascular diseases and even diabetes treatment can not be missing the basis. Patients with hypertension need to implement all of the above measures in their daily lives in a serious and sustained manner. Patients who are already taking antihypertensive medication should follow up regularly at the hospital and follow the doctor’s orders, and should not reduce or stop the medication on their own. In the event of hypertensive emergencies, we should make every effort to save the patient from irreversible damage to the target organs and help him/her turn the situation into a safe one. While giving drugs, we should pay attention to: 1. stabilize the patient’s mood. 2. 2.Prepare for transport to hospital. 3, the general treatment at the scene is to let the patient absolutely bed rest, to take different positions according to different diseases, such as hypertension acute left heart failure, pulmonary edema patients to take a semi-recumbent or sitting position; cerebral hemorrhage patients to take the left side of the bed, head to the side; coma or convulsion patients should strengthen care, keep the whistling tract open, to prevent their bite tongue and lips, the occurrence of fractures and falls, etc..