Over the past decade, there have been significant developments in tumor immunology research. New theories and insights have developed many new strategies for cancer treatment and are being applied in clinical trials. As one of the hopes to finally overcome cancer, immunotherapy has become a hot research topic in the field. The aim of tumor immunology therapy is to stimulate or mobilize the body’s immune system and enhance the anti-tumor immunity of the tumor microenvironment in order to control and kill tumor cells. On March 25 of this year, a series of articles on tumor immunotherapy were published in Science Translational Medicine, indicating that immunotherapy has crossed over as the “backbone” of tumor treatment. Recently, the controversy over immunotherapy (whether the immune system can recognize and regulate tumor growth) has largely come to an end with the success of antibodies in treating tumors by modulating immune activation. Tumor immunotherapy has entered the “mainstream” era. Another way to use the immune system to treat cancer is with pericyte therapy, which involves isolating T cells from a patient’s blood, expanding them in vitro, and then injecting them into the body as a booster version of an anti-cancer fighter. Researchers have also developed chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) that modify T cells in a patient’s blood circulation to give them the ability to target tumor cells.CARs include an antigen recognition region that recognizes specific proteins on the surface of tumor cells; and an intracellular region that activates T cells and promotes their proliferation. Relay cell therapy has had a pioneering role in the development of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) engineered to transform T-cell leukemia therapy. Early clinical trial results showing durable durability and proposing that T-cell CAR therapies can “cure the disease” have created a great deal of excitement in the field of malignant hematologic diseases. Cancer immunotherapy is rapidly proving itself to be a powerful weapon in the fight against cancer. Researchers are also improving the efficacy of this treatment in an effort to benefit more cancer patients. Many scientists are investigating the effects of combining multiple immunotherapies, such as combining immune test site blockade with passaged T-cell therapy, or combining cancer vaccines with cytokine therapy. With a large number of clinical trials underway, it is believed that in the next few years we will see significant improvements in patient survival with cancer immunotherapy.