Epilepsy is a common disease in neurology. Due to misconceptions about epilepsy and the relatively uneven distribution of medical resources, most patients fail to receive a clear diagnosis and effective treatment in time, making the incidence of intractable epilepsy, especially temporal lobe epilepsy, significantly higher in China than in developed countries. Temporal lobe epilepsy is an epilepsy in which the seizures originate from the temporal lobe. The International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) published guidelines for the classification of epileptic syndromes (hereinafter referred to as the guidelines) in 1989, which elaborated temporal lobe epilepsy in detail: clinical manifestations are automaticity, psychiatric symptoms, special sensory symptoms such as hallucinations, hallucinations, gastrointestinal symptoms such as rising gas, specific symptoms such as déjà vu, dazedness, smacking of the mouth, swallowing movements, aimless groping of hands, etc., and the recovery process is slow after seizures. The interictal EEG may show no abnormalities, abnormal discharges in the temporal region, and the abnormal discharges may not be limited to the temporal region. The clinical manifestations described in the guidelines are only highly suggestive of temporal lobe epilepsy and are not the “gold standard” for diagnosis. In recent years, the diagnostic accuracy of temporal lobe epilepsy has been improved with the continuous improvement of fMRI, SPECT and other imaging techniques. However, imaging examination can only play an auxiliary role in localizing the epileptogenic focus, and the definite diagnosis is still based on the “gold standard” of abnormal discharges in the temporal lobe during the seizure period as monitored by EEG. The treatment of temporal lobe epilepsy is still based on the progressive approach of “drugs before surgery, monotherapy before combination of drugs”, and the study by Kwan and Brodie showed that the control rate of temporal lobe epilepsy with monotherapy was about 60%. The results of Kwan et al. showed that for seizures that were not controlled with monotherapy, the combination benefited less than 10% of patients. Surgical excision of the epileptogenic focus may be considered in patients with refractory temporal lobe epilepsy that is poorly controlled by medication and well localized. In a follow-up study, the recurrence rate of temporal lobe epilepsy was found to be about 54.20% at 6 months after surgery and 1.90% at 4 years after surgery, which greatly improves the quality of life of patients with refractory temporal lobe epilepsy. The reason for the higher refractory rate of temporal lobe epilepsy in China than in developed countries is related to factors such as the low number of specialist physicians and the lack of relevant knowledge of non-specialist physicians. At the same time, there are also many patient-related factors: 1. lack of knowledge, eagerness to cure and indiscriminate medical treatment, missing the best time for treatment. 2. 2, worried about the adverse reactions of “Western medicine” and trust in “prescriptions”, because long-term drug abuse causes irreversible damage to the brain. 3, poor compliance with medication, not following medical advice regular medication, arbitrary drug reduction, drug discontinuation, drug replacement and drug resistance. Therefore, it is of immeasurable significance for clinicians to improve the control rate of temporal lobe epilepsy by actively educating patients and improving their medication compliance while making diagnosis and formulating treatment plans. In summary, the diagnosis of temporal lobe epilepsy should not only seek the “gold standard”, but also take into account the actual medical conditions and make a clear diagnosis as early as possible based on the clinician’s own experience. In the treatment, we should try to choose the treatment plan that can benefit the patients the most, and at the same time, we should educate the patients about epilepsy to improve their compliance with the treatment, so as to improve the control rate of temporal lobe epilepsy.