Differences and similarities in minimally invasive surgical treatment of inguinal hernia, incisional hernia and parastomal hernia Hernia, commonly known as small bowel gas, is a mass formed by the presence of a defect or weak point in the abdominal wall and the protrusion of intra-abdominal organs on the body surface due to high abdominal pressure. Small bowel gas has different names depending on the site of existence, such as the hernia located in the inguinal area at the root of the thigh is inguinal hernia, and the hernia formed by a weak point caused by tearing after abdominal surgery or next to a colostomy is named incisional hernia and parastomal hernia, respectively. Wang Peng, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nantong University Hospital Hernia brings a lot of inconvenience to patients’ life and affects their quality of life, and there is a risk of necrosis of the intestinal tube caused by getting stuck in the weak point of the abdominal wall, especially for the parastomal hernia, which may also affect the defecation function of the colostomy. patients have a chance to be cured. Two key concepts of modern surgical treatment of small bowel gas are “tension-free” and “minimally invasive”. Tension-free is a completely different concept from the traditional repair surgery that uses thick sutures to close the defect, i.e., polymeric material (patch) is used to fill the weak area, and the patch acts as a scaffold, relying on its own tissue to grow in and strengthen the weak area. The advantage is that there is less pressure on the abdomen, no tissue tears leading to recurrence, and the patient has significantly less pain after surgery. The concept of “tension-free” has become a key technical principle in modern hernia surgery. The development of minimally invasive laparoscopic surgery has made it possible to perform almost all types of abdominal wall hernias through the “keyhole”. Patients recover quickly and with less pain after surgery. The chance of recurrence after surgery is further reduced because the implanted patch is larger than in traditional open surgery. Another feature of minimally invasive surgery is that the implanted patch is reinforced from the inside of the weak part of the abdominal wall, just like repairing a break in a bucket, which naturally works better from the inside than from the outside. However, there are some significant differences between the different types of minimally invasive small bowel gas surgery. For example, inguinal hernia repair is performed by placing a patch in front of the peritoneum on the inside of the abdominal wall (so that it does not come in contact with the intestinal canal), so the peritoneum does not need to be incised to implant the patch and there is a wide choice of patch types to use. In contrast, patches implanted in incisional and parastomal hernias are in direct contact with the intestinal canal and special anti-adhesion patches must be applied. Secondly, the shape of the patch differs, with inguinal and incisional hernias using an oval patch or a three-dimensional preparation of the patch, and parastomal hernias using a special perforated patch to accommodate the passage of the stoma, thus repairing the defective abdominal wall while maintaining the function of the stoma. The surgeon chooses different patches depending on the type of hernia, local cleanliness, and whether or not the patient is in direct contact with an organ. Advances in material science have enabled surgeons to perform minimally invasive surgical repair of inguinal, incisional, and parastomal hernias, which has become a safe and effective surgical procedure for many patients.