There are two main categories: (1) renal artery stenosis or occlusion; (2) hydronephrosis; (3) renal cysts; (4) renal tuberculosis; (5) renal stones; (6) renal tumors; (7) other renal diseases such as renal dysplasia and renal atrophy. 2, caused by endocrine diseases (1) primary aldosteronism, caused by adenoma or hyperplasia; (2) cortisolism, caused by adenoma or hyperplasia; (3) pheochromocytoma, etc. Most of these diseases can be treated by minimally invasive urological techniques with good efficacy.