Traditional spine surgery is performed with the naked eye, and the incision has to be enlarged and enlarged to ensure the safety of the surgery due to the effects of field illumination and vision, resulting in increased trauma, slow postoperative recovery, and increased complications, etc. Naked eye spine surgery is now abandoned in developed countries. Microscope-assisted direct vision spine surgery, which began in the 1970s, is a perfect combination of traditional spine surgery techniques and microsurgery techniques, which has the advantages of small incision, less trauma, less bleeding and faster postoperative recovery and a wide range of indications, and ensures the accuracy and safety of spine surgery, which is widely carried out in foreign developed countries and has become the gold standard for the surgical treatment of lumbar disc herniation. It has become the gold standard for surgical treatment of lumbar disc herniation. Unfortunately, the majority of spine surgeons in mainland China are orthopedic surgeons who have not been trained in surgical microscopy techniques, and so far very few doctors in China have used microscopes to perform spine surgery. This makes many domestic spine surgeries still a rough and sloppy approach, which is highly traumatic and imprecise, and can easily lead to nerve damage, bringing great disaster to patients. The technique is performed in a prone position under general anesthesia, with a small incision (about 3 cm) made under X-ray fluoroscopy to routinely expose the surgical area, place a microscope, and begin the microscopic operation to complete spinal canal decompression, nerve root decompression, intervertebral discectomy, and other technical operations. Indications: (1) the types of lumbar disc herniation used; (2) thoracic and lumbar spinal stenosis; (3) intramedullary and extramedullary lesions such as intradural tumors; (4) anterior and posterior surgery for cervical spondylosis. This is minimally invasive nucleus pulposus removal under the microscope, which is still the gold standard of safe, effective and minimally invasive surgery commonly used in Europe and the United States.