Characteristics of male breast cancer

       Since male breasts generally have only small nipples and areolas, and the glands are very underdeveloped, and since women are the majority of breast cancer cases, some people have the misconception that breast cancer only occurs in women and that men do not get breast cancer. This is a misconception. Although breast cancer in men is less common than in women, accounting for only 1.25% of all breast cancers, it does exist. This reminds men to seek medical attention when they find a lump in their breast to avoid delaying the diagnosis and causing adverse consequences. Male breast cancer has the following characteristics compared to female: 1. Men seek medical consultation later than women, which makes it easy to neglect and delay the diagnosis and treatment. According to some statistics, men are diagnosed with breast cancer more than one year later than women on average.  The incidence rate of male breast cancer patients is about 10 years higher than that of female breast cancer patients, and the peak age of incidence is 50-60 years old.  Male breast cancer patients often have a history of liver function impairment, orchitis or chronic breast disease. Prostate cancer patients are also prone to develop breast cancer after long-term estrogen treatment.  4. It is easy to have lymph node metastasis earlier and the treatment effect is poorer. Due to the anatomical characteristics of male breast with smaller volume and shorter lymphatic ducts, the tumor is easy to collapse after growing up, thus making the cancer cells easy to spread and metastasize. Clinically, it is more common for male breast cancer to invade the pectoral muscle and develop lung and bone metastasis in early stage.  5. The efficacy of orchiectomy for male breast cancer in advanced stage is better than that of oophorectomy for female breast cancer in advanced stage.  Of course, a lump in male breast does not necessarily mean breast cancer. Boys often have mild breast enlargement during puberty, but it can mostly return to normal within a year or a year and a half on its own. Middle-aged and older men can also develop breast enlargement due to liver disease, impaired thyroid function or excessive application of estrogen. A button-sized (2-3 cm in diameter) lump with a firm texture and some mobility is still more likely to be breast hypertrophy when palpated in the breast.  In conclusion, male breast cancer patients are characterized by high age, long duration of disease, poor prognosis and low incidence. Current research suggests that with early detection and treatment, the prognosis of male breast cancer patients can be as good as that of female breast cancer.