Avoiding excessive physical work and strenuous exercise, limiting sodium intake, using digitalis, diuretics, and vasodilators, especially angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, can help prevent the deterioration of cardiac function. Digitalis may also be used in patients who do not have symptoms of heart failure but have severe aortic regurgitation and significant left ventricular enlargement. Arrhythmias and infections should be actively prevented and treated. A full course of penicillin should be given for syphilitic aortitis, and active prevention of streptococcal infection with rheumatic activity and infective endocarditis is indicated for rheumatic heart disease. Prosthetic valve replacement is the primary treatment for aortic valve insufficiency and should be performed before the onset of heart failure symptoms. However, because the patient is usually asymptomatic until the myocardial systolic function fails, there is no need to rush the procedure while the patient is asymptomatic and the left ventricular function is normal; the patient can be followed up closely with a follow-up echocardiogram at least every 6 months. Surgery should be performed as soon as symptoms or left ventricular insufficiency or heart enlargement becomes apparent. 1, valve repair: less commonly used, usually cannot completely eliminate aortic regurgitation. It is only indicated for infective endocarditis with aortic valve redundancy or perforation. Tearing of the aortic valve with its annulus. Inadequate aortic valve closure due to dilatation of the annulus by ascending aortic aneurysm is feasible with annuloplasty. 2, artificial valve replacement: rheumatic and most other causes of aortic valve closure insufficiency are appropriate for valve replacement. Both mechanical and biological valves can be used. The risk of surgery and late mortality depends on the stage of development of aortic valve insufficiency and the functional status of the heart at the time of surgery. Patients with markedly enlarged hearts and long-term left heart insufficiency have an operative mortality rate of approximately 10% and a late mortality rate of approximately 5% per year. Nevertheless, because of the poor prognosis of drug therapy, surgical treatment should be considered even in the presence of left heart failure. Relative contraindications: 1, rheumatic activity is not controlled or controlled for less than 3 months; 2, heart failure combined with myocardial ischemic damage, such as patients with advanced aortic stenosis, heart function has improved, but still strive for surgery; 3, liver, kidney function or systemic condition is too poor to withstand surgery; 4, patients with bacterial endocarditis have sepsis and multiple infections should not be operated. Selection of prosthetic heart valves: The type of prosthetic valve used in valve replacement surgery should be analyzed on a case-by-case basis. The patient’s age, occupation, physical strength, mental status, the patient’s opinion on valve selection, the patient’s myocardial condition, and the patient’s ability to receive long-term anticoagulation therapy should be considered. Biologic valves have good hemodynamics, low thromboembolic rates, and may not require long-term anticoagulation in some patients; however, the greatest disadvantage of biologic valves is their poor durability. Therefore, biologic valves are mainly used for the following patients: 1) women of childbearing age who wish to become pregnant; 2) in terms of age, biologic valves should be preferred for patients over 60 years of age, and mechanical valves should be preferred for patients under 50 years of age, so as to ensure their durability and avoid calcification of biologic valves in adolescents; 3) patients with bleeding qualities and bleeding disorders and other reasons who cannot receive long-term anticoagulation; 4) according to the patient’s The tricuspid valve is the site with the highest thromboembolic rate among all valve replacement emboli, which may be related to the low pressure and slow blood flow in this site. Clinical observations in the tricuspid valve site thromboembolism rate to the disc valve is the highest, the ball valve is the second highest, the lowest biological valve, so the tricuspid valve site valve replacement using biological valve is more ideal. The durability of mechanical valves is good, and for the time being, mechanical valves made of whatever material are implanted in the heart require lifelong anticoagulation therapy for the patient. With the advances in cardiac surgery and extracorporeal circulation technology as a whole, the safety of valve surgery has increased significantly. The mortality rate for valve replacement surgery is currently around 5% and is not significantly related to the type of prosthetic valve. The main risk factors for valve replacement surgery are: the patient’s physical status before surgery, mainly cardiac compensatory function and pulmonary vascular disease; and additional cardiac surgery, such as valve replacement with coronary artery bypass surgery. Currently, it is not very difficult to reoperate even if the patient is old or reoperative. Severe acute aortic valve insufficiency rapidly results in acute left heart insufficiency, pulmonary edema and hypotension, which can easily lead to death, so surgery should be used early to save the patient’s life along with active medical treatment. Positive inotropic drugs such as dobutamine or dobutamine, and vasodilators such as sodium nitroprusside should be administered intravenously before surgery to maintain cardiac function and blood pressure. Complications of aortic valve insufficiency Congestive heart failure is common and is the leading cause of death in aortic valve insufficiency, and death often occurs within 2 to 3 years once symptoms of cardiac insufficiency develop. Infective endocarditis is also seen, and embolism is rare.