Aortic valve insufficiency is caused by a disease of the aortic root or the aortic valve itself, and is categorized as acute or chronic according to its onset. Acute aortic valve insufficiency can be caused by chest trauma resulting in damage or prolapse of the ascending aortic root, leaflets, and other tissues, or by infective endocarditis. Chronic aortic valve insufficiency is most often caused by rheumatic heart disease, while other causes may include congenital malformations, degenerative aortic valve lesions, or infective endocarditis. Acute lesions may be asymptomatic in mild cases, with increased regurgitant flow, palpitations, precordial discomfort, and in severe cases, sudden dyspnea, coughing up pink foamy sputum and other manifestations of heart failure. Chronic cases may remain asymptomatic for a longer period of time, but as the disease progresses, chest pain and sedentary breathing may occur. If the diagnosis of aortic valve insufficiency is confirmed, standardized treatment should be carried out under the guidance of the doctor to actively improve the clinical symptoms.