The meniscus is one of the important structures that stabilize the knee joint, with functions such as weight bearing, lubricating the joint and cushioning shock. Meniscal injuries often result in knee pain, popping and interlocking, which can lead to osteoarthritis of the knee joint, mostly seen in soccer, basketball, rugby and other rival sports. Only the peripheral portion of the meniscus has a blood supply; in the medial meniscus, blood can enter more than 30% of its width; in the lateral meniscus, it is about 25%. The medial 2/3 of the meniscus usually lacks a blood supply and is fed by synovial fluid. The differences in the blood supply to the meniscus structure also lead to differences in the healing potential of the meniscus at different injury sites, so different approaches are often used to repair the blood-supplied and ischemic areas of the meniscus. MRI is a rapid and non-invasive examination method with high soft tissue resolution; arthroscopy is the gold standard for diagnosing meniscal injuries of the knee, which not only can accurately locate the injury site, but also can clarify the injury level and typing, as well as perform minimally invasive treatment for patients with meniscal tears. It also allows for minimally invasive treatment of meniscal tears. Non-surgical treatments are mainly used to treat old meniscus injuries with the aim of relieving or eliminating symptoms and restoring joint function as much as possible. Commonly used non-surgical methods include braking of the affected limb, acupuncture treatment, external application of traditional Chinese medicine, internal administration of traditional Chinese medicine, and intra-articular injection of drugs. Surgical treatment is mainly aimed at treating grade 3 injuries. Maximum preservation of the meniscus has become the purpose of treatment for meniscal injuries, while combined treatment such as arthroscopic meniscal suturing, application of growth factors and gene therapy will become the main measures for meniscal repair; the concept of tissue engineering provides hope for regeneration of meniscal tissues that are difficult to repair after injury. For patients with intact joint structure and articular cartilage but severe meniscal damage that cannot be repaired or after meniscectomy, meniscal transplantation can be considered, including allogeneic meniscal transplantation, meniscal prosthesis transplantation, and the aforementioned tissue-engineered meniscal transplantation, etc. Currently, the more studied is allogeneic meniscal transplantation. Patients with meniscal defects causing knee pain, swelling and joint dysfunction can be considered for allogeneic meniscus transplantation to slow down articular cartilage degeneration; however, severe articular cartilage degeneration and abnormal knee joint force lines are contraindications to surgery. Some scholars have followed meniscus transplantation for 1-5 years and found that patients had symptomatic relief and significant functional improvement. A 14-year retrospective study also confirmed the clinical efficacy of allograft transplantation, and that the meniscus resembled the normal meniscus after arthroscopic transplantation. However, some degree of meniscal bulge and dislocation may occur after meniscal transplantation, and the more severe the preoperative degeneration, the more pronounced the postoperative meniscal bulge. The short-term clinical efficacy of meniscus transplantation is satisfactory, but the long-term efficacy needs to be further studied and observed.