Vitrectomy is a major advance in ophthalmic surgery, and many previously untreatable or poorly treated diseases can be restored or stabilized by vitrectomy. Modern vitrectomy has been performed in China since the late 1980s. Professor Dong Fangtian of Peking Union Medical College Hospital was one of the first doctors to perform vitrectomy in China. There are many diseases treated by vitrectomy, the main ones are as follows. Complex retinal detachment: Most of the simple foraminal retinal detachment can be treated by extra-scleral compression, but vitrectomy should be considered in the following cases 1.Multiple causes can be fundus to see: such as refractive interstitial clouding and pupil cannot be opened wide. ultrasound examination determines that there is retinal detachment, vitrectomy should be performed. 2.Traction retinal detachment: vitrectomy can release the pull of vitreous on the retina and help reset the retina. 3.Proliferative vitreoretinal lesion: vitrectomy and membrane peeling should be performed for proliferative vitreoretinal lesion, and most of them need intraocular gas or silicone oil filling after surgery. 4.Giant fissure retinal detachment: For giant retinal fissure, posterior flap flip and fixed folds, vitrectomy and membrane peeling can be performed to release the vitreous traction on the retina. 5.IOL retinal detachment: Retinal detachment after cataract surgery, often the fissure is not easy to find, there may be multiple fissures, and the vitreous often has traction, vitrectomy is needed to carefully search for peripheral fissures. 6.Recurrent retinal detachment: after conventional external retinal detachment reset surgery or vitrectomy, the retinal detachment recurs due to vitreous proliferation traction or scar contraction, or new fissure formation causes retinal detachment recurrence, requiring biosurgery. 7.Macular fissure retinal detachment: because the fissure is in the posterior part, it is difficult to pressurize, and vitrectomy treatment has better effect. Vitreous hemorrhage 1, retinal vein obstruction vitreous hemorrhage: retinal vein obstruction vitreous hemorrhage is often because the retina has neovascularization, the neovascularization is not healthy and bleeds after rupture. Generally observe for 1~2 months, and those who do not absorb can consider vitrectomy followed by retinal laser. Delayed treatment may lead to increased proliferation of retinal neovascularization and even lead to neovascular glaucoma. And once neovascular glaucoma occurs, the possibility of saving vision is extremely low. 2, diabetic retinopathy vitreous hemorrhage: somewhat similar to retinal vein obstruction vitreous hemorrhage, but the diabetic condition is relatively more severe. Once neovascular hemorrhage occurs, it is rarely stabilized by conservative treatment. So early vitrectomy (1~2 months after hemorrhage) followed by retinal laser treatment is a wise choice. 3.retinal vasculitis vitreous hemorrhage: most of them need anti-inflammatory treatment at the same time of vitrectomy or laser. Macular disease 1.Macular anterior membrane It is common in elderly women, most of them have deformed vision and decreased vision, usually the vision is below 0.4 for surgery. Most of the patients have improved vision and visual distortion after surgery, but some patients have persistent macular edema, and the improvement of vision is not obvious. 2.Macular fissure is common in middle-aged women, with reduced visual acuity and visual deformation. The surgery of macular fissure is elective surgery, after the surgery, most of the fissures are closed and the vision is partially improved, but we have to take the risk of surgery, some of the fissures cannot be closed and the vision is not improved. 3.Macular edema No matter what kind of disease causes macular edema, if OCT examination finds that there is vitreous retraction or vitreous posterior boundary membrane thickening retraction, after vitreous surgery, macular edema may subside and vision may improve.