We often get inquiries from our patients and colleagues about whether hearing can be improved through surgery for otitis media, etc. In order to facilitate further understanding of this issue, I would like to briefly answer the following Theoretically, there are three results of middle ear surgery: hearing improvement, hearing unchanged, and hearing loss (including total deafness), and the majority of patients have hearing improvement after middle ear surgery, but there are some patients who have no change in hearing after surgery, and even very few patients have hearing loss! (1) The nature of the deafness: If the deafness is sensorineural, it is theoretically impossible to improve the hearing through middle ear surgery, only patients with conductive deafness or predominantly conductive deafness can improve their hearing through tympanic chamber molding and reconstruction of the auditory chain. Is it connected? (3) Eustachian tube function: If the function of the eustachian tube is poor, the tympanic membrane will be invaginated after surgery, and the activity of the tympanic membrane will be limited, and the hearing will be poor (similar to secretory or adhesive otitis media) (4) Whether the tympanic membrane is intact and whether the tympanic membrane is well connected to the auditory chain after surgery is also a factor (5) Whether the tympanic mucosa is epithelialized or whether the lesions are completely removed (5) whether the tympanic membrane is epithelialized or whether the lesion is completely removed, all of which will affect whether hearing reconstruction can be done! (6) The size of the hearing improvement is also related to the nature of the deafness and the degree of air conduction and bone conduction difference. (7) Hearing loss will also occur if the artificial bone is displaced after surgery. Note: Middle ear surgery can also result in hearing loss in some patients. In addition to the above mentioned factors, there is about 1-3% risk of sensorineural deafness or even total deafness, only the chance of occurrence is very low!