The cause of ulcerative nodes is still unclear, but recent studies have concluded that the onset of ulcerative colitis is mainly related to the following factors: 1. Genetic factors Genetic research has found that the onset of ulcerative colitis has a significant family and racial aggregation phenomenon. The prevalence rate of close relatives (parents, siblings, children) is higher than that of other populations; there are also significant differences in the prevalence rate among different races, for example, Jews are two to four times more likely than non-Jews among whites, while non-whites are about 50% less likely than whites. However, it is still unclear which genes or gene sequences are associated with the development of ulcerative nodes.
2. Immune factors Abnormalities in immune function are also thought to be a cause of ulcerative knots. It has been found that, compared to healthy individuals, patients have a variety of autoantibodies in their serum such as: ① anti-colonial antibodies (mainly IgM), which can mediate antibody-dependent cytotoxic cells and make cytotoxic cells kill target cells (i.e. normal cells in the body) ② in addition, they often contain an inhibitory factor (or factors) that inhibit macrophage migration. The above two are mainly abnormalities in humoral immunity; in addition, patients also show a different response in cellular immunity than healthy individuals. Experimental results have shown that co-culture of lymphocytes from patients with ulcers with normal adult or fetal colonic epithelial cells resulted in damage to the colonic epithelium, indicating the cytotoxic effect of lymphocytes from patients. In addition, the presence of immune complexes caused by various factors in the blood circulation is likely to be a factor causing extraintestinal lesions.
3, dietary factors In addition to genetic factors and immune factors, dietary factors are also considered as one of the possible risk factors for the occurrence of ulcerative nodes. It has been found that excessive intake of red meat, high fat and high sugar (foods such as beef, white wine, hamburgers, concentrated drinks, sausages, etc.) are related to the occurrence of the disease, which is probably one of the reasons why the incidence of ulcerative nodes is higher in western countries than in China. Changes in diet structure, unreasonable diet mix, westernization of food culture and irregular diet have been attributed as the main reasons for the rising incidence of ulcerative colitis in China in recent years. On the other hand, proper supplementation of probiotics, fish and dietary fiber can have a therapeutic effect on the disease. Therefore, absolute abstinence from food is not advocated, and a moderate as well as quality-limited diet is advocated. In addition, it is recommended that certain people with sensitive intestinal tract and prone to diarrhea and abdominal pain should have their blood drawn for food intolerance testing, and should avoid food intolerances as much as possible.
The role of microorganisms in the development of ulcerative colitis has been controversial. Because the pathological changes and clinical manifestations of the disease are very similar to bacterial dysentery, coupled with certain early cases, such as Fakmer (Fickman’s) in 1973 from six cases of ulcerative colitis in the culture of cytomegalovirus, Cooper (Kupe) in 1977 from toxic colon dilatation patients isolated cytomegalovirus, and the application of antibiotics in some cases effective, seems to suggest that bacterial and Viral infections are associated with the disease, but a specific microorganism has not yet been confirmed to be associated with ulcerative colitis. Repeated stool cultures and colonic mucosal biopsies have not confirmed bacterial or viral infections. So far, the infection factor is still to be further studied.
5, psychological factors Psychological factors have an important impact on the development process of ulcerative colitis, the severity of the lesion and the response to treatment measures. The clinical situation is often seen in patients with ulcerative colitis accompanied by anxiety, tension and other performance, and a number of studies have shown that the recurrence of ulcerative colitis is related to mental tension, related research also shows that psychological factors can be stimulated by changing the gastrointestinal dynamics, visceral sensitivity and aggravate the gastrointestinal symptoms, long-term persistent negative emotions will make ulcer activity and symptoms aggravated, on the other hand ulcerative colitis after the onset of the use of On the other hand, the use of psychotherapy after the onset of ulcerative colitis can often receive certain effects can also be a side note that psychological factors may be one of the causes of its triggering. However, some scholars believe that mental factors are more like the consequences of the disease than the cause.
In addition to the factors mentioned above, smoking and appendectomy may also affect the development of ulcerative colitis. Interestingly, contrary to the many negative effects of smoking on the body, smokers have a lower risk factor for ulcerative colitis, but the mechanism is not clear. 1985, the World Health Organization, based on the findings of the International Agency for Research on Cancer, concluded that appropriate civilized smoking could prevent and alleviate four diseases, including ulcerative colitis. In addition, in an analysis of 1,560 papers on ulcerative colitis in China from 1981 to 2000 included in the WorldConsumption.com database and 270 cases of ulcerative colitis patients diagnosed at the General Hospital of Jinan Military District during the same period, it was found that smoking was not negatively associated with the severity of ulcerative colitis. However, these studies do not deny that smoking remains a risk causative factor for many other diseases. For this reason, patients who have difficulty quitting smoking are now beginning to advocate changes in smoking patterns and habits, for example, advocating rehydration before smoking, and releasing newly opened packs of cigarettes before smoking to reduce the inhalation of harmful components, to achieve healthier smoking.
In recent years, it has also been reported in the literature that the incidence of ulcerative nodes is significantly reduced after appendectomy, and that appendectomy at a young age is a strong protective factor against the development of ulcerative nodes. Some investigators suggest that this may be due to the elimination of the inflammatory state by performing appendectomy at a young age thus preventing the possibility of developing ulcers. However, in the UK, it has been reported that appendectomy has no preventive effect on the development of ulcers. Whether prophylactic appendectomy should be performed is still controversial.
The generally accepted view is that ulcerative colitis is the result of the interaction of multiple factors and that the causes of ulcerative colitis and its pathogenesis are analyzed by emphasizing a comprehensive study of multiple factors.