Acute gastroenteritis is an acute inflammation of the gastrointestinal mucosa. The main manifestations are nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and fever. It is common in summer and autumn, and occurs due to improper diet, overeating; or eating cold, rancid, dirty and unclean food.
How to prevent gastroenteritis?
1, pay attention to diet, do not overeat; 2, do not eat unclean and spoiled food, do not eat cold food or take certain drugs that stimulate the stomach; 3, pay attention to personal hygiene, wash your hands before and after meals; 4, raw fruits and vegetables should be washed and scalded, fruit to eat peeled, do not drink raw water; 5, eating out more garlic and vinegar; 6, eating utensils to be hygienic, raw and cooked foods are stored separately, raw and cooked dishes are separated 7.Strengthen fly and mosquito control; 8.Strengthen the management of toxic drugs and pesticides; 9.Control the reproduction of bacteria: the main measures are refrigeration and freezing. Temperature control at 2 ℃ ~ 8 ℃, can inhibit the reproduction of most bacteria. Cooked food in refrigeration to avoid light, oxygen cut off, not repeatedly contaminated, its refrigeration effect is better; 10, high temperature sterilization: general meat food boiled for 15 minutes can kill common pathogenic bacteria; 11, vegetables should be properly stored, keep fresh, prevent decay, do not eat rotten vegetables. Leftover cooked vegetables should not be stored at room temperature for a long time before consumption, especially do not store overnight; 12, the amount of nitrate and nitrite in meat products should not be excessive; 13, food seafood must be cooked; 14, bitter well water should not be used for cooking porridge; 15, do not eat a large number of freshly pickled vegetables, pickled vegetables should be more salt, at least pickled to more than 15 days before consumption, pickled vegetables when using fresh vegetables; 16, less food or not directly eat Frozen food and drink, sweaty summer can drink warm water, add the right amount of salt, sugar, acidase.
How to treat gastroenteritis?
1, general treatment: remove the cause of the disease, bed rest, stop all the stomach stimulating diet and drugs.
2, allopathic treatment: with fever, diarrhea or elevated white blood cells, antibiotics such as flavopiridol, haloperidol, metronidazole, levofloxacin.
3, symptomatic treatment: (1) pain relief: belladonna tablets, atropine, 654-2, pivetonium bromide, hot compresses, infrared light; (2) anti-vomiting: gastrofacial, omeprazole, domperidone; (3) anti-diarrhea: montelukast, pivetonium bromide, loperamide (emmenagogue), difenoxanide (phenylephrine), abdominal koan, patchouli, painful diarrhea granules; (4) adjust intestinal flora: pefixam.
(4) Prevention of complications: oral and intravenous rehydration.
Gastroenteritis dietary attention 1, patients with acute gastroenteritis should rest in bed, pay attention to keep warm.
2, acute patients often have vomiting, diarrhea and other symptoms, more water loss, so need to supplement the liquid, can supply fresh juice, lotus root powder, rice soup, egg soup and other liquid food, as appropriate, drink more boiled water, light salt water.
3. In order to avoid fermentation and flatulence in the gastrointestinal tract, beef and other gas-producing foods should be avoided during the acute period, and the intake of sucrose should be reduced as much as possible. Attention should be paid to dietary hygiene. Avoid eating high-fat fried, deep-fried and smoked and waxy fish, vegetables and fruits containing more fiber, stimulating beverages, foods and condiments, etc.
Staged diet for gastroenteritis 1. Early stage of enteritis (8 to 12 hours): fasting or fluid. The initial stage of enteritis is the stage of acute intestinal congestion, edema, inflammation and exudation, when the intestinal peristalsis is active or in spasm, its digestive and absorption functions are relatively weak, so, within 8 to 12 hours after the onset of the disease, patients can eat liquid food, such as rice porridge, lotus root powder, egg batter, fine hanging noodles, braised thin noodles. If the diarrhea is severe or sweating, the patient should also be given more soup, such as rice juice, vegetable soup, juice, light salt water, etc., to supplement the body water, vitamins and electrolyte deficiency.
2, enteritis improvement period (1-2 days): half flow, eat less and more meals, milk, sugar is not appropriate. Patients can be given fluid or semi-liquid food that is easy to digest and nutritious, such as rice porridge, fine noodles, steamed egg custard, salted cookies, etc. It is advisable to adopt the method of eating less and more meals, eating 4 to 5 times a day. It should be noted that it is not advisable to drink milk and eat a lot of sugar at this time, because these foods can easily ferment and produce a lot of gas after entering the intestinal tract, causing abdominal distension and abdominal pain and increasing the pain of patients. In addition, milk contains more fat, fat has the role of lubricating the intestinal tract, enhance intestinal peristalsis, can increase the burden on the intestinal tract, which is not good for the condition.
3, enteritis recovery period (2-3 days): light, soft, warm diet. Due to changes in the pathophysiology of the gastrointestinal tract, especially the intestinal tract, the intestines are very sensitive to food at this time, therefore, special attention should be paid to diet, diet should be light, soft, warm food, avoid prematurely eating fat, fried, cold and hard food and multi-fiber food, such as celery, leeks, garlic, etc. About 2 to 3 days after the recovery period, you can eat according to the normal diet.
4.Enteritis recovery period (after 3 days): normal diet.