Atropine is a cholinergic receptor blocker commonly used in ophthalmology to dilate the pupil, raise intraocular pressure, and regulate ciliary muscle paralysis. Studies have shown that for non-pathological myopia, long-term adherence to low-concentration atropine cannot treat myopia, but has the effect of inhibiting the growth of myopia. The main reasons why low-concentration atropine has not been approved for clinical application to control myopia growth in China are that the mechanism of action is unknown, the clinical application time is short, the long-term follow-up data has not been perfected, and there are systemic risks. Myopia is divided into true myopia and pseudomyopia, and low concentrations of atropine can only be used for pseudomyopia, not for true myopia. The eye can see things because light is refracted by the refractive system and falls on the retina, which is then imaged by the retina in the brain. Pseudomyopia is a blurred vision caused by the relaxation of the ciliary muscle that regulates the refractive system and cannot accurately regulate the refraction of the lens, which can be regulated by low concentrations of atropine to paralyze the ciliary muscle. Pseudomyopia is only caused by muscle spasm that cannot accurately regulate the refractive system of the eye, causing blurred vision without structural abnormalities of the eye, and can be treated with medication. True myopia, on the other hand, is a condition in which light is refracted through the refractive system of the eye and focused on the front of the retina, causing inaccurate imaging and manifesting as blurred vision. According to the refractive component, the causes of myopia can be divided into two categories, one is due to excessive corneal or lens curvature, and the other is due to excessive length of the eye axis. Both types of myopia have structural abnormalities in the refractive system of the eye, which can only be corrected by surgery and cannot be treated by medication. Myopia is an irreversible process. In daily life, it is important to develop good eye hygiene and not to fatigue the eyes to prevent myopia and slow down the growth of myopia.