Lumbar disc herniation is a common disease, and individualized stepwise treatment protocols are now considered to be the best option for both patients and physicians. The individualized stepwise treatment plan, in the following order: 1) conservative treatment; 2) interventional treatment (ozone, condensation vaporization, laser); 3) minimally invasive treatment (endoscopic surgery, MED surgery, small incision surgery, minimally invasive fusion surgery); 4) open surgery. Any one of these treatment options has certain indications, and for each patient, it is not necessary to try each one in this ladder. The most appropriate method should be chosen according to the respective condition. Is the TILF surgical approach a common surgical approach to open surgery? TLIF surgery, a spinal fusion technique, has been widely used in degenerative lumbar spine disease, lumbar instability and discogenic disease. When neurosurgeons master this technique, they are able to manage lumbar spine pathologies like a tiger! The basic steps of the TLIF technique are as follows: the pedicle screws are inserted under standard procedures with the aid of a C-arm x-ray machine, and a connecting rod is placed on the contralateral side of the synovectomy, which is then propped up as far as possible to help open the segmental space. To prevent injury to the nerve roots and intracanalicular plexus during arthrodesis, an ipsilateral connecting rod is placed and further distanced to facilitate manipulation of the ipsilateral intervertebral disc. The disc annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus are carefully removed from the ipsilateral side, and a small portion of the superior surface of the inferior vertebral body is carefully removed to widen the intervertebral space for insertion of an appropriately sized intervertebral fusion (cage). The cage is inserted with pressure on the intervertebral space, which not only facilitates interbody fusion but also restores normal physiological flexion of the lumbar spine. This procedure is performed without exposing the dura and other structures in the spinal canal.