Malignant tumors are common, multi-morbid and difficult diseases that seriously endanger human life and health. At present, the treatment of malignant tumors is based on surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, intervention, immunotherapy and Chinese medicine. Since psychological factors are closely related to the occurrence, development and prognosis of malignant tumors, therefore, while carrying out comprehensive treatment for malignant tumors, psychological treatment and rehabilitation are integrated into the whole process of treatment, which can effectively improve the clinical cure rate and survival rate, and improve the quality of life of patients. 1. The relationship between malignant tumor and psychosocial factors has been agreed in medical practice in ancient and modern times. The ancient medical practitioners in China have realized that the occurrence of malignant tumor is related to emotional and psychosocial factors in their long-term medical practice. For example, Zhu Danxi believed that “the accumulation of anger and depression, spleen dissipation and liver qi rebellion” are the causative factors of breast cancer. The results of the survey conducted by China’s Epidemiology Group for Comprehensive Study of Stomach Cancer (1981) show that the personality characteristics associated with stomach cancer are social introversion, depression and inflexibility. Among them, “good at sulking” was the top risk factor for stomach cancer in the Beijing survey. A Minnesota Multiple Personality Inventory test on cancer patients showed that denial, depression, and despair were associated with the development of cancer. The effects of negative life events also tend to disrupt the dynamic balance of the individual’s internal environment and lead to cancer. Miller, a professor at the American Center for Rehabilitation and Cancer, pointed out that some patients who had survived for a long time (15-20 years) suddenly relapsed and were found to have suffered from severe psychological stress in the previous 6-18 months; a survey of 1,400 couples with cancer A survey of 1400 couples with cancer showed that the psychological stress of one spouse having cancer or dying of cancer can cause the other spouse to develop cancer. According to a survey conducted by Chinese scholars, 76% of cancer patients have obvious mental stimulation factors before the onset of cancer. Once malignant tumor is diagnosed, patients often think that “cancer is incurable” and lose the hope that they can be cured and live, so they are in disappointment, frustration and depression all day long, and become depressed, anxious, angry, desperate or even suicidal. Among the seven emotions in Chinese medicine, worry, thought, sadness, fear, fright and anger are more common. The psychological characteristics of cancer patients are: (1) sadness, anxiety and fear worry about the risk and prognosis of surgery; worry about the pain and toxic side effects of radiotherapy; worry about the sudden increase in financial burden of self-paying patients and the uncertainty of the efficacy of interventional, immunological and traditional Chinese medicine treatments; worry about the prognosis of patients in critical condition and so on, all of which can make patients feel sad, anxious and fearful. The patient’s emotional reaction of sadness, anxiety and fear. （After the diagnosis of malignant tumor patients, their family members generally have guilt and self-blame, which makes the patients dependent and enhances the “patient role”. Patients with malignant tumors are more sensitive to interpersonal relationship, and some expressions, actions and words of medical personnel may have suggestive meanings to patients, who may think that they are hiding their illness, or even suspect that doctors are wrong in diagnosis or nurses are not taking proper care of them. When some of their own requirements are not met, they can often be furious over the smallest things, manifesting as excessive self-esteem and irritability. (3) Defective psychology and sense of despair The loss of somatic or functional integrity due to surgery and chemotherapy can bring patients psychological defects that are difficult to heal. For example, breast cancer affects the appearance after surgery, oral cancer loses speech ability after surgery, maxillofacial malignant tumor causes disfigurement after surgery, infertile women loses fertility function after hysterectomy, prostate cancer and testicular cancer loses sexual function after resection, and even hair temporarily falls out after chemotherapy, etc. Most of these patients have low self-esteem, loneliness, autism and avoidance, and have a strong sense of depression and despair inside. 3. Pay attention to the psychological treatment and rehabilitation of malignant tumor patients to improve the clinical treatment effect and the quality of life of patients. Both ancient medical doctors and modern medicine have recognized cancer as a psychosomatic disease. The Yellow Emperor’s Classic of Internal Medicine says: “If the spirit is not advanced, the will is not cured, and the disease is not cured.” Hua Tuo’s “The Secret Book of Qing Nang” has a vivid description of the importance of psychological treatment: “If the form is the house of God, and the house of essence, if the house is bad, God will be swept away; if the house is moved, gas will be dispersed; if God is swept away, faint; if gas is dispersed, fatigue; if the body and mind are faint and fatigued, that is, the medium of disease; therefore, a good doctor will first treat his heart, then his body, and secondly, his undiseased, if the branches of trees and plants are barked, and if the root of flowers and plants are corked, then he will treat the disease of people. This is the next step.” It is emphasized that the highest level of treatment is to achieve the patient’s mental health through the doctor’s treatment. It is often seen in clinical practice that patients who are in remission after effective treatment have a low recurrence rate and a long survival period for those who are optimistic, while those who are pessimistic have a high recurrence rate and a short survival period. According to psychoimmunological theory, the pathway of malignant tumor development is the psycho-neuroendocrine-immune axis, that is, adverse psychological factors lead to cancer recurrence by weakening the immune system through the central nervous system. Thus, if medical personnel can help patients to evaluate malignant tumors correctly through psychological treatment and strengthen their confidence in treatment, it can effectively improve the treatment effect and patients’ quality of life. (1) Create a relaxed and optimistic atmosphere for medical treatment, and help patients build up confidence with “reasonable emotion therapy”. Malignant tumor patients have a relatively stable group of patients during inpatient treatment or outpatient treatment, and they often care about each other while experiencing their own therapeutic effect, and evaluate the doctor’s business skill based on the therapeutic effect of the group. While providing patients with effective treatment, physicians should carefully consider the psychology of patients and pay attention to minimizing their negative emotions. The ABC theory of “rational emotion therapy” in psychology shows that the reasonableness (B) of an individual’s perception and evaluation of the precipitating event (A) directly affects whether the individual’s emotional response and behavioral outcome (C) is positive or negative. In other words, after the diagnosis of malignant tumor disease (A), whether the individual believes that it is treatable and recoverable or “terminal” and untreatable (B) will be directly related to whether the individual’s emotion and behavior are cheerful, optimistic and positive, or depressed, anxious and despairing. Therefore, doctors should use simple and easy-to-understand scientific reasoning to clear patients’ doubts and confusion, use the facts of those who are cured and those who have improved to speak in person, and tell patients in a firm tone the positive role of reasonable emotions and correct perception of cancer in treatment, so as to help patients build up confidence. They are made to deeply appreciate that the process of consultation not only alleviates and eliminates somatic pain, but also reduces psychological pressure and experiences a positive state of mind by establishing a good doctor-patient relationship and patient-friend relationship. Such an atmosphere is undoubtedly conducive to the overall recovery of patients, and is something that every clinician should strive for. (2) The “positive reinforcement method” mobilizes the power of patients and social support systems to enhance compliance with medical advice. The “positive reinforcement method” is applied to malignant tumor patients, which means to reward and praise their appropriate behaviors in the process of medical treatment in order to adjust their mentality and enhance their compliance with medical prescriptions for full recovery. [2] Patients’ progress should be encouraged, such as the gradual reduction to disappearance of negative emotions, the ability to care not only for themselves but also for others, the gradual release from the “patient role” and the efforts to take care of themselves, the acceptance of physical disabilities and the efforts to overcome difficulties to make up for them, the ability of female patients to face the eyes of others even if they are bareheaded, and the ability to face the uncertainty of disease progress. Women patients are able to face the eyes of others even when their heads are bare; they are prepared for the uncertainty of disease progress; they take the initiative to return to society and live a normal life, etc. The “positive reinforcement method” should be applied not only by doctors, but also by the patient’s social support system, i.e. family members, relatives, friends, colleagues, neighbors, and patients, so that the patient can appreciate the value of his or her life and the close relationship with others, and thus be able to carry the treatment to the end with optimism and positive behavior. (3) Guiding patients with healthy lifestyle, changing their bad living environment and keeping away from disease-causing factors. Aiming at the onset factors, morbidity and personality characteristics of malignant tumor patients, change various factors that are unfavorable to treatment. For example, change the bad eating habits, smoking and drinking habits; encourage patients to participate in recreational activities and physical exercise by using their specialties; stay away from the working and living environment with radiation and chemical carcinogens; reduce the physical and mental pressure and tension by practicing the “breathing and relaxation method”, so that they can experience a relaxed, comfortable, peaceful and happy mood again and achieve the purpose of psychological rehabilitation. The purpose of rehabilitation. (4) Use “relief support therapy” to overcome emotions with emotions and relieve stress. It is reasonable for patients diagnosed with malignant tumor to have negative emotions in stages. It is important to understand the various factors of sadness and give comfort and support to patients. Encourage patients to vent their negative emotions as much as possible to avoid long-term depression in their hearts. The “drainage support therapy” is similar to the “seven emotions win” method of Chinese medicine. For example, in the case of terminal patients, the issue of quality of life can be appropriately discussed with them. Those patients who have been sublimated through extreme pain will, after rational thinking, realize that the quality of life is more precious than the quantity of life, so that they can calmly arrange matters and deepen their consciousness of maintaining the quality of life, and unconsciously overcome the fear of death. This is the method of overcoming fear of death by thinking. (5) Combine Chinese and Western medicine to improve the mental state of malignant tumor patients. For patients with malignant tumor who are diagnosed with depression and anxiety, they should be promptly referred to psychiatrists for standardized use of antidepressant and anti-anxiety drugs to help reduce and eliminate symptoms. Chinese herbal medicine can also be used to de-stress the liver and resolve stagnation, with the aid of Chai Hu, Yu Jin, Qing Pi, Chen Pi, Citrus aurantium, Wu Yao and Mu Xiang to improve the patient’s mental status. In conclusion, the holistic concept of TCM has the same philosophical basis as the “bio-psycho-social medicine model” of modern medicine, and it is important to pay attention to the role of emotions and feelings of malignant tumor patients in the whole process of comprehensive treatment and further improve the psychological treatment and rehabilitation system. If we pay attention to the role of emotions and feelings of malignant tumor patients in the whole process of comprehensive treatment and further improve the psychological treatment and rehabilitation system, we can play a positive role in effectively increasing the cure rate, reducing patients’ pain, prolonging their lives and improving the quality of life.