Some people don’t pay much attention to eye exams during routine checkups, while others get especially nervous once they see something unusual in their eye report. So, how do we interpret the results in the eye examination report? Routine eye checkups mainly include visual acuity and fundus examination, which in turn includes examination of the vitreous humor, retinal vessels, optic nerve, and macula. Generally the most common problem among young people is refractive error, and the most common among middle-aged and old people are cataract and retinal arteriosclerosis. I. Visual acuity examination Normal corrected visual acuity should be above 1.0. The so-called corrected visual acuity, that is, the visual acuity after wearing glasses, if the visual acuity is lower than 1.0, there may be insufficient correction of glasses, the need to re-test optometry; there may also be some ophthalmic diseases affecting the visual acuity, the need to go to the hospital ophthalmology department to do a professional examination. Second, funduscopic examination retinal arteriosclerosis Abnormal retinal arterial changes can reflect the degree of arteriosclerosis in the body, mostly occurring in the age of 50 or 60 years old, and often coexist with hypertension, diabetes mellitus. According to statistics, 70% of patients with hypertension can have retinal arterial changes, so this is also a criterion for determining the degree of hypertension. Severe diabetic patients also have retinal arteriosclerosis changes. Therefore, once retinal arteriosclerosis occurs, you should pay more attention to your own blood pressure, blood fat and blood sugar, mild retinal arteriosclerosis will not cause vision changes. Vitreoretinal clouding, commonly known as flying mosquito, patients feel that there are black shadows floating in front of their eyes. Vitreous clouding is usually seen in myopic patients, especially those with high myopia, and is also more common in people over 50 years old. This group of people can do a dilated pupil in the ophthalmology department after a detailed examination of the vitreous and retina, to exclude retinal tears, retinal detachment and fundus hemorrhage, simple vitreous clouding only need to follow up and observe, do not need to be overly nervous. The optic nerve cup-to-disk ratio is enlarged. The disk here refers to the optic nerve papilla, which normally has a physiologic depression, i.e., the optic cup. The cup-to-disc ratio is the ratio of the optic cup to the optic disc, and most people have a cup-to-disc ratio of about 0.3. If the cup-to-disc ratio is enlarged, especially if it is greater than 0.6, attention should be paid to it, and ophthalmologists need to screen for glaucoma, including intraocular pressure, visual field, and the thickness of the fiber layer of the optic nerve, and timely intervention is needed to treat the condition if it is diagnosed as glaucoma. Macular pigmentation disorder This is a frequent content on the physical examination report. The macula is a normal structure on the retina at the bottom of the eye, which everyone has, and is where vision is sharpest. Once the macula has lesions, vision will be significantly reduced or there will be distortion of vision. Therefore, if the physical examination reveals abnormalities in the macula area, you should go to the ophthalmology department in time for detailed examination and optical coherence tomography (OCT) scanning, to clarify the lesions in the macula and to treat them in time. Retinal hemorrhage or microangioma Mostly seen in diabetic patients, if found in the physical examination of retinal hemorrhage or microangioma, can not be taken lightly because of the vision does not decline, must go to the ophthalmology department to do pupil dilated funduscopic examination, no history of diabetes mellitus need to improve the blood glucose examination.