Rectal cancer is one of the most common chemical tract tumors in China, and about 75% of the lesions of rectal cancer in China are low rectal cancer. After radical surgery for low rectal cancer, making permanent colostomy is currently recognized as an effective treatment method, and nearly 100,000 patients in China undergo such surgery every year. After colostomy for rectal cancer, patients are greatly affected in terms of psychological function, physical function and social function. In order to improve the quality of life of patients, reasonable home care is needed after patients are discharged from the hospital. 1.Psychological support Because the normal sphincter function of colostomy patients is damaged, the anatomy of the anus is displaced, the intestinal contents, feces and liquid are freely excreted irregularly, producing fecal odor, polluting clothing, damaging the surrounding skin, social activities and family life encounter a lot of inconvenience, which brings serious psychological pressure to patients. Family members should guide the patient to accept the fact of stoma, give support in life, encourage the patient to actively participate in general social activities and communicate with others as long as physical strength allows, and participate in stoma fellowship. Patients with stoma can fully feel the positive and optimistic attitude of other stoma patients, so that they can get psychological support. 2, stoma management First, choose a suitable stoma bag, 2-3 days after surgery, intestinal function recovery, a large number of unformed stool from the stoma, the hospital will generally be given according to the patient’s specific colostomy situation, but the hospital stoma bag is generally relatively single, the patient can choose to paste type artificial anal bag after discharge, good paste performance, small skin irritation, according to the special needs to choose: bathing type, swimming type, irrigation type, anti-odor type, sleep type, large-capacity type, small-capacity type. Second, the stoma skin care, peristomal inflammation is the most likely complication, manifested as skin redness, swelling, erosion, and even ulcers. Therefore, it is important to keep the skin around the stoma clean and dry, wash it with neutral and mild detergent after each stool, and be gentle when changing the stoma bag, and regulate the diet and intestinal function to make the stool take shape. Secondly, it can be caused by allergy to the stoma bag, for this, you should choose a suitable stoma bag and use it correctly to reduce the incidence of peristomal inflammation, treatment, external application of zinc oxide ointment, dermatoprost ointment, ulcer powder, etc. When there is more body hair around the stoma, it is easy to cause folliculitis and should be shaved frequently with an electronic razor to prevent skin injury. Again, stoma stenosis is a common postoperative complication. To avoid stoma stenosis, start to insert the stoma slowly with the index finger wearing a finger sleeve with lubricant 1 week after surgery, until the second joint stays in the stoma for 6-8 seconds. Dilation of the stoma should be done 1-2 times a week so that the internal diameter of the stoma is about 2.5 cm. Daily dilation should start with the little finger and can continue until six months after surgery. Finally, colonic irrigation, colonic irrigation is to inject irrigation solution into the intestine to stimulate intestinal peristalsis, in order to achieve the purpose of complete excretion of feces in a short period of time, which can significantly reduce the number of bowel movements, reduce or eliminate the odor of the stoma, reduce the accumulation of intestinal gas and feces, and develop the habit of regular bowel movements, about 10 consecutive irrigations, bowel habits can be basically artificially controlled. Irrigation should be carried out at a fixed time every day, preferably 1-2 hours after breakfast or dinner, in order to use the intestinal peristalsis generated by eating and shorten the irrigation time. Irrigation water temperature to about 38 ℃ is appropriate, the water temperature is too low to cause intestinal spasm, higher than the body temperature of the intestinal stimulation is weakened, the speed should not be too fast, 500 ml each time, irrigation time of not less than 10 minutes, in case of abdominal distension, slow down the irrigation speed, abdominal distension and pain, stop irrigation to continue irrigation after the relief of abdominal pain, each irrigation volume should be less to more, gradually, generally 500-1000 ml, with the extension of time, the irrigation interval can be gradually increased. The lavage interval can be gradually increased to 48 hours, and can be changed to once a week after the regular bowel movement is established. 3, reasonable diet First of all, the principle of dietary care dietary conditioning principle is from less to more, from thin to thick, from simple to diverse. Simply put, it is a gradual and orderly process, with less and more meals. Generally, in 7-8 days after surgery, that is, when discharged from the hospital, you can transition to soft food, such as rotten rice, noodles, pasta, tofu, and 3 or 4 meals per day. About 1 month after surgery, you can gradually transition to normal diet, try to let the food chew in the mouth more for a while, which can reduce the burden of the intestine and facilitate the digestion and absorption of food, and it is better to shut up and chew, so as not to swallow too much air. Secondly, a reasonable choice of food, in order to reduce odor, to keep the stool smooth, should be low residue, non-stimulating, avoid chili, mustard, pepper, coffee and other irritating foods, eat more fresh green leafy vegetables, avoid eating easy to make frequent stool and gas-producing food, such as dry beans, potatoes, uncooked fruit in the role of intestinal bacteria can produce a lot of hydrogen sulfide cause bloating, frequent exhaust, carbonated beverages and beer produce More carbon dioxide, will also cause increased exhaust, should be avoided or reduced consumption. Foods that easily produce bad odor, such as round onion, raw radish, raw onion, raw garlic, and foods rich in coarse fiber, such as celery, bamboo shoots, soy bean sprouts, dried fruits and other high fiber foods should also be avoided or reduced, because of the high fiber content, coarse, easy to cause stoma blockage during excretion. 4. Daily life Work – Stoma surgery generally does not affect the original occupation before surgery, but heavy labor or work requiring force should be avoided, and heavy lifting should be avoided, as this may cause hernia around the stoma to occur, and if activity is required, it should be protected by a girdle to avoid hernia next to the stoma. Exercise – Maintain moderate exercise and avoid overly intense contact or heavy impact exercises. The intensity of activity should be appropriately controlled to avoid excessive increase in abdominal pressure, which may affect the prolapse of the colonic mucosa. Bathing and swimming – When taking a bath, you can cover the stoma with a stool bag or remove the bag and take a shower or dip it in the bath tub. As for swimming, you can cover the stoma with a bag. Dressing – soft, comfortable and loose clothing is the principle, no need to make special clothes. Travel – You can take short or long trips, but remember to bring enough stoma care equipment and medicine to prevent diarrhea. Due to the relatively good prognosis of rectal cancer after surgery and the current application of neoadjuvant radiotherapy, new chemotherapy drugs and targeted drugs, a considerable part of people can survive for a long time after radical rectal cancer surgery. Maintaining a good stoma status and building up good confidence in life can significantly improve the quality of life of stoma patients.