Although they have a higher susceptibility to hyperthyroidism, not everyone will suffer from hyperthyroidism, there are two other factors that must be involved in order to suffer from hyperthyroidism, one is exposure to the hyperthyroid pathogen and the other One is the exposure to hyperthyroidism and the other is the decrease in resistance to the disease due to overexertion or mental factors. Hyperthyroidism refers to a clinical syndrome in which the thyroid gland increases its function and secretes too much thyroid hormone (TH) for a variety of reasons, resulting in increased excitability and hyper-metabolism in the nervous, circulatory and digestive systems of the body. Hyperthyroidism is usually referred to as hyperfunctional toxic diffuse goiter Graves’ disease, which is the most common clinical condition. The immunological theory is that hyperthyroidism is an autoimmune disease. Recent studies have proved that the disease is induced by stress factors such as infection and trauma on the basis of genetic predisposition and is an organ-specific autoimmune disease caused by defective function of suppressive T lymphocytes. A survey has shown that 60% of patients have a tendency to have familial qualities. The immune system of the human body includes cellular and humoral immunity, and it is due to the presence of these immune systems that the body is protected from the damage caused by various factors in nature. Autoimmunity is the process by which the body loses immune tolerance to its own tissue components or bacterial antigens, leading to the production of immune effector cells or autoantibodies and causing damage to itself. Autoimmunity is physiological in many cases, and in addition to defense against damage from nature, it also has an internal surveillance function within the organism that protects normal tissue cells and removes aging and mutated cells. When the autoimmune response exceeds the physiological limit or lasts too long, causing damage and dysfunction of its own tissues and leading to disease, it is called autoimmune disease. Some of these lesions are systemic, while others involve only certain organs, and hyperthyroidism belongs to the latter – organ-specific autoimmune disease. Among the various types of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease, a toxic diffuse goiter, has the most pronounced genetic predisposition, while the other types of hyperthyroidism are generally not considered to have a significant genetic relationship. Family members of patients with toxic diffuse goiter are significantly more likely to develop the disease. Human leukocyte antigens are a marker of heredity, and a number of studies have found a significant increase in one or more human leukocyte antigens in patients with toxic diffuse goiter, further suggesting a strong genetic association with this disease.