Urticaria
The disease is an allergic reaction and non-allergic reaction caused by food, drugs, various infections, visceral diseases, insect bites and many other reasons in some people with allergies, which manifests as local edema (i.e., wind mass) due to vasodilatation of skin mucosa, increased permeability and serous exudation.
Causes
The pathogenesis of urticaria is complex and has not been fully understood. There are both immune and non-immune-mediated ways of skin eruption. In clinical work, most urticaria is idiopathic urticaria of unknown origin.
The etiology is more varied and generally includes.
1.Food: fish, shrimp, crab, shellfish, eggs, lemon, mango, plum, apricot, strawberry, pecan, cocoa, garlic, tomato, etc. Milk Food spoilage Food additives.
2, drugs: penicillin, sulfonamide, furazolidone, serum preparations, various vaccines, coffee, codeine, cocaine, quinine, aspirin, etc.
3, infection: bacteria, fungi, viruses, parasites, H. pylori.
4.Inhalants. Pollen, animal feathers and dander, dust, smoke, aerosols, volatile chemicals.
5, physical factors: friction, pressure, cold, heat, sunlight exposure, exercise, etc.
6, systemic diseases: rheumatic fever, systemic lupus erythematosus, thyroid disease, lymphoma, leukemia, infectious mononucleosis.
Performance symptoms
The main manifestation of the rash is rheumatism, which is an edematous elevated damage of varying size and shape, red or porcelain white.
They can occur all over the body, but some are limited to certain areas, such as cold urticaria, which is caused by cold water or cold wind contact, usually on the face, neck or extremities, and pressure urticaria, which occurs mainly on pressure areas.
It often comes on suddenly and lasts for a few minutes to a few hours, and does not leave traces after retreating, but new rashes occur again and again, and the disease lasts for more than 6 weeks, called chronic urticaria.
The disease is called chronic urticaria, which lasts for more than 6 weeks. The itching is severe, and a few have pain and tenderness.
A few may involve the mucous membranes and present with abdominal pain, diarrhea or chest tightness and gas. If the larynx is edematous, there may be difficulty in whistling and even suffocation.
Treatment and care
Treatment of urticaria should follow the following principles.
1. Etiological treatment: Elimination of irritating or suspicious factors is most important in the treatment of urticaria. This is because the urticaria may subside naturally after eliminating the irritant or suspected factor; conversely, the recurrence of urticaria after re-exposure to the relevant factor may provide evidence to determine the causative agent.
Parents should cooperate with the doctor and try to find the irritating factors of the baby’s urticaria.
2, antihistamine therapy: such as Benadryl, chlorpheniramine maleate (paracetamol), cycloheximide, deslorpromazine, etc. Second-generation non-sedating or less sedating antihistamines such as loratadine and desloratadine, imipramine, epinastine, epinastine, cetirizine and levocetirizine, trepromazine, fexofenadine, etc. should be used as the first-line treatment of urticaria.
3. Inhibition of mast cell release mediators: Adrenocorticosteroids, ketotifen, trinostat, imipramine, loratadine and cetirizine, etc., which inhibit mast cell release mediators, should be used under medical advice.
Observation and prevention
Since eliminating irritants or suspected factors is most important in the treatment of urticaria, it is highly recommended that parents or other parents use a diary to find irritants or suspected causes.
It is also important to try to keep an eye on suspicious foods and medications to find the cause of the disease early.