Neurosurgery is the most recent of all branches of surgery, but it is also the discipline with the fastest discovery and the closest relationship with the development of science and technology. Common manifestations of neurosurgical diseases 1.Headache: headache is progressively aggravated when intracranial pressure is increased, and it is unbearable when it is severe, and it is aggravated by head movement and force. 2. Vomiting: typical cases are jet-like, not accompanied by abdominal symptoms, and mostly occur when the headache is aggravated. It is more common in pediatric patients and can be easily mistaken for gastrointestinal disorders. 3. Limb paralysis: manifests as weakness or inflexibility of the limbs. 4. Epilepsy: commonly occurs as seizures of one limb or abnormal sensation, which may extend to the whole body for several seconds to minutes at a time, with completely normal interictal periods. It can also be other forms of seizures. 5, visual field disorders: vision loss and reduced range of vision, often saddle area tumors, can also be other visual conduction pathway lesions. 6.Urinary collapse: daily urine volume is more than 4000 ml, the urine is colorless and transparent, requiring large amounts of water, mostly caused by saddle area and hypothalamic lesions. 7.Aphasia: It is manifested by the inability to express or understand language, or even complete speechlessness. It can also be manifested as loss of writing, reading, naming and other abilities. Most of them are caused by the involvement of the higher language center of the left cerebral hemisphere. 8. Amenorrhea and lactation in female patients: most of them are caused by pituitary tumors, which may be accompanied by vision loss. 9. Giantism in children, adult acromegaly and facial changes are due to pituitary growth hormone adenoma. 10.Abnormal growth and sexual development: Most of them are caused by anterior or posterior lesions of the three ventricles, such as craniopharyngioma, teratoma, germ cell tumor, pineal tumor, etc. 11.Walking instability and skewing to one side are mostly manifested by cerebellar involvement. 12.Drowsiness, personality change and mental decline are caused by lesions in the frontal lobe, temporal lobe or hypothalamus. 13.Sudden onset of headache, vomiting and cervical tonicity are typical manifestations of subarachnoid hemorrhage. 14.Radiation pain of the trunk, weakness and numbness of one or both limbs, gradually progressing upward or downward, and urinary and fecal disorders are manifestations of spinal cord lesions. 15.Symptoms of cranial nerve palsy: such as decreased vision, double vision, drooping eyelids, oblique eye position, facial numbness, distorted mouth and eyes, salivation at the corners of the mouth, hearing loss, difficulty in swallowing, choking on water, abnormal pronunciation, etc., are caused by brainstem, cranial nerve tumor and lesions in the adjacent parts of the skull base, such as aneurysm, meningioma, chordoma, craniopharyngioma, pituitary tumor and nerve sheath tumor.