Pathological staging refers to the staging made by confirming the invasive range of tumor through histological examination and combining with imaging examination. Pathological staging is a further confirmation of clinical staging. If there is a difference between clinical staging and pathological staging, pathological staging will prevail. Pathological staging determines the invasive range of the tumor and is the basis for formulating postoperative treatment plan. If pathological examination reveals that the tumor invades lymph nodes, adjacent organs, etc., it indicates that local recurrence or distant metastasis is likely to occur after surgery, therefore, doctors usually consider adding radiotherapy, biotherapy, targeted therapy or chemotherapy after surgery. Of course, the results of pathological staging can also be used to roughly infer the level of cure rate and suggest the follow-up plan that patients need to take after treatment, etc.