“Congenital heart disease” has become the disease with the highest incidence of birth defects in China Congenital heart disease is the disease with the highest incidence of naked eye birth defects in China, and there is a rising trend. The incidence rate of congenital heart disease is 7‰-8‰ among 16.7 million newborns in China every year, that is, about 140,000 new children with congenital heart disease every year, of which only about 60,000 children can be treated in conditions. In other words, among these 4 million patients with congenital heart disease, there are about 2 million children with congenital heart disease waiting for surgical treatment. However, in terms of our current medical level and conditions, 99% of these children are fully recoverable through surgical treatment. However, due to the lack of recognition of this disease and many poor families choose to give up treatment because of financial reasons, thus delaying the best time for treatment, resulting in those children with untreated precocious heart disease are facing the threat of death at any time. Because of this, our government has designated September 12 every year as “Birth Defects Prevention Day” since 2005, hoping that the government and the whole society will care and help these people suffering from congenital heart disease. How to detect congenital heart disease The symptoms of various types of congenital heart disease vary in severity. When a child has the following symptoms, both parents and doctors should think about whether he or she has congenital heart disease: 1. persistent heart and respiratory malfunction after birth; 2. irritability, high pitched cry, weak sucking during breastfeeding, difficulty in breastfeeding, no weight gain; 3. persistent cyanosis or recurrent confusion, easy to cry or after activity Some children with cyanotic precordial disease may also have pestle-shaped toes (i.e., hyperplasia of the soft tissue at the end of the hands or toes, with a bulbous shape). 7, cyanotic precocious heart disease often have several special postures: infancy when holding the legs are not straight, like bending in the adult’s abdomen, sitting like lifting the feet to the stool surface, standing when the lower limbs to maintain a bent posture. Older children walking, walking a period of time to squat down two knees close to the chest to rest for a moment, medically known as the “squatting” phenomenon. These postures are to improve the hypoxic condition; 8, precordial disease children are prone to recurrent respiratory infections. Almost all precordial diseases can be treated surgically,” said the surgeon, “Cardiac surgery has reached a very high standard. Almost all precardiac diseases, as long as they are detected in time, can be treated with good surgery.” Professor Wu told reporters, “After the affected children receive surgical treatment, they are able to live like normal people, and there is absolutely no need for parents to panic.” Congenital heart disease is a type of congenital malformation of the large blood vessels of the heart. According to the presence or absence of abnormal channels between the left and right sides of the heart or between the great vessels, or according to the presence or absence of cyanotic manifestations, congenital heart disease is divided into: 1, left-to-right shunt type (latent cyanotic type): such as atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, arteriovenous catheterization. 2, right-to-left shunt type (cyanotic type): such as tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great vessels, etc. 3.No shunt type (no cyanotic type): such as pulmonary valve stenosis, aortic constriction, etc. Blood in the normal heart flows gently in one direction, while the structure of the diseased heart is altered, causing hemodynamic disorders such as poor blood flow or turbulence. This causes a series of problems such as insufficient blood supply to the heart, excessive blood supply to the heart, excessive blood flow to the lungs, tissue hypoxia, and damage to the endocardial structures. Precardiac disease without timely surgery can seriously affect the growth and development of the child, causing developmental delay, recurrent lung infections, infective endocarditis, induction of malignant arrhythmias and even sudden death. In addition to causing the above physical damage, severe precordial disease can cause personality defects. Most young patients require early surgery The age of surgery for precardiac disease should be determined by the type of onset and the early onset of symptoms, but for most patients with precardiac disease, the earlier the better. This is because there are many conditions that may produce pulmonary hypertension, which can cause a right-to-left shunt called Eisenmenger’s syndrome when the child gets older and has very severe pulmonary hypertension, and the opportunity for treatment is lost. If an accurate diagnosis is made early and timely surgical treatment is obtained, most precardiac diseases can be cured. Most children with precocious heart disease should undergo surgery before the age of 3 to 6 years old. Surgery before school age will not affect the child’s schooling and will reduce the burden on society and the family. In addition, the best timing for the treatment of precocious heart disease should be considered in terms of the child’s ability to adapt to the surgery, whether he or she can cooperate with the postoperative treatment and does not affect learning, etc. Generally, the best age is 3 to 6 years old. Current cardiac surgery techniques and equipment, extracorporeal circulation, and anesthesia levels have been very high, but the difficulty is still greater because of the young age of the patient. Therefore, it is best to wait until preschool age for surgery for precocious heart disease that has a small impact on the body’s growth and development and the heart. Post-operative rehabilitation and health care With a large number of children opting for surgical treatment, post-operative rehabilitation and health care are also of concern to parents of children with predilection for surgery, and Professor Wu believes that children with predilection should pay attention to the following issues after surgery: 1. 2, appropriate nutrition, but do not overeat. 3.Children with severe and complex malformations and other poor cardiac functions may need to continue to apply cardiotonic and diuretic drugs and antibiotics for a period of time after discharge, and some may need to apply anticoagulants after surgery, etc. The physician in charge will prescribe the discharge medication plan and give some necessary explanation to the family members at the time of discharge, so please listen carefully. During the medication period, you should go to the hospital regularly to check and observe the efficacy and toxicity of drugs and side effects, and adjust the medication dosage or stop or change the medication under the guidance of the physician. 4, after discharge from the hospital should be regularly re-examined. Generally, simple precordial disease can be reviewed once in 3 months or so; for severe and complex malformations, it is best to review once within a month after discharge. The review includes echocardiography, electrocardiogram, x-ray chest X-ray, etc. Sometimes it is also necessary to check the blood routine, the application of anticoagulant children should also check the coagulation function to prevent the emergence of bleeding tendencies. 5.In case of cardiac insufficiency and other conditions, you should come to our hospital or local professional institutions immediately to get help. 6.For children with staged surgery, care should be taken to keep in touch with the physician in charge to determine matters related to reoperation. 7.After surgery, pay attention to maintain normal standing, sitting and lying postures and avoid chest and hunchback so that the sternum can heal normally.