Genetic counseling is also known as genetic negotiation, genetic advice or genetic guidance. It means that specialists engaged in medical genetics, physicians or family planning practitioners will give advice and guidance to patients with hereditary diseases and congenital malformations and their relatives on the causes, modes of inheritance, diagnosis, prevention or prognosis of the diseases, as well as on estimating the risk of the development of the diseases in their siblings and children, for the reference of the patients and their relatives. Those who need genetic counseling include: (1) Couples or family members with certain hereditary diseases or congenital malformations (2) Couples who have given birth to a child with a hereditary disease (3) Parents with unexplained mental retardation or congenital malformations (4) Those with unexplained habitual miscarriages, stillbirths, or stillbirths (5) Couples with unexplained infertility and infertility (6) Pregnant women of advanced age, over 35 years of age (7) Men and women of child-bearing age who are exposed to long-term adverse (7) Men and women of childbearing age who are chronically exposed to adverse environmental factors (8) Pregnant women who are exposed to adverse environmental factors during pregnancy and who are suffering from certain chronic diseases (9) Those who are found to have abnormalities in routine examinations or screening for common hereditary diseases (10) Those who are inbred.