Aortitis is a chronic progressive nonspecific inflammatory disease of the aorta and its major branches. Aortitis lesions are most commonly located in the aortic arch and its branches, followed by the descending aorta, abdominal aorta, and renal arteries. Secondary branches of the aorta, such as the pulmonary and coronary arteries, may also be involved. Involved vessels can be total arteritis. In the early stages, the vessel wall is infiltrated by lymphocytes, plasma cells, and occasionally polymorphonuclear neutrophils and multinucleated giant cells. The lumen is narrowed or occluded due to thickening of the intima. In a few patients, inflammation damages the middle layer of the arterial wall and necrosis of elastic and smooth muscle fibers, resulting in dilated arteries, pseudoaneurysms, or intercalated aneurysms. The disease is most common in young women, with about 90% of cases occurring before the age of 30 and less frequently after the age of 40. The cause of the disease is still unclear, and it is generally believed that it may be due to immune damage caused by infection. The main symptoms of aortitis are multisystemic damage, which are divided into systemic and local symptoms. Systemic symptoms are fever, joint and muscle pain, fatigue, night sweats, weight loss, and lack of appetite. Skin damage is manifested by polymorphic erythema, nodules, etc. Aortitis mainly involves the aortic arch and its major branches, and symptoms vary depending on where the aortitis is involved. Involvement of the head and neck arteries may lead to dizziness, memory loss, syncope, and cerebral infarction; accumulation of the descending aorta may lead to cold claudication of the affected limbs; involvement of the renal arteries may lead to proteinuria and hypertension. The clinical manifestations of aortitis are diverse and vary according to the site and organ involved in the vasculitis, so it is difficult to confirm the diagnosis by symptomatic manifestations alone, and further auxiliary examinations are required to confirm the diagnosis in a regular hospital.